青藏高原荒漠化遥感信息提取及演变分析

在青藏高原258万km2范围内,首次利用Landsat 7 ETM和Landsat3 MSS图像,对整个高原内的砂砾质荒漠化土地、盐碱质荒漠化土地和耕地、草地、林地、沼泽地、地表水体、基岩等土地类型的15种环境因子进行遥感信息提取,结合地面验证,查清了15种环境因子在20世纪70年代和21世纪初两个时期的实际分布面积。对荒漠化土地的遥感图像特征和演变规律进行了综合分析。指出了青藏高原目前在生态地质环境方面存在的突出问题主要是荒漠化程度严重、植被退化严重、水土流失严重、资源开发无序严重和水资源短缺等问题。

Desertification remote sensing information extraction from Qinhai-Tibet Plateau and evolution analysis

In the area of 2,580,000 kin2 in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, using the Landsat7 ETM and Landsat3 MSS images, 3 types of land cover, including gritted desertification land, saline - alkalized desertification land, agricultural land,grass land, woodland, bog land, surface water, bedrock in total of 15 sorts of land cover have been classifed. Based on the on - the- spot survey we got the actual area of different land covers in the period of 1970s and the early 21st. this paper pointed out there were 5 aspects of distributed regulations about desertification land in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. By comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of desertification land and their dynamic changes, from the remote sensing images combining the typical districts we illustrated 6 sorts of regulations of desertification changes. According to the above works, we definitely pointed out there are out- standing problems in the ecological geology environment in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Those are serious desertification, serious deteriorated vegetation, serious lost of water and soil, unreasonable exploitation of resources and the lacking of water resources.