Mesosphere summer echoes,temperature, and meridional wind variations at mid- and polar latitudes |
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| Authors: | Olof Zeller Peter Hoffmann Jürgen Bremer Werner Singer |
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| Institution: | 1. Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Rostock, Kühlungsborn 18225, Germany;2. Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;3. Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;4. Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;1. ATRAD Pty Ltd, 20 Phillips St, Thebarton, SA 5031, Australia;2. School of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;3. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, Greifswald 17487, Germany;2. Science Systems and Applications Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Rd., Lanham, Maryland, MD 20706, USA;3. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA |
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| Abstract: | VHF Radar echoes in the summer mesosphere at mid- and polar latitudes (P]MSE—polar] mesosphere summer echoes) are connected with very cold temperatures where ice particles can exist. Temperature variations can cause conditions for the generation and evaporation of ice particles and affect the P]MSE occurrence. The impact of temperature and meridional wind oscillations on P]MSE is described. Generally at mid-latitudes, strong mesosphere summer echoes are strongly affected by meridional wind variations if the mean temperature is near the frost point of water vapor. In contrast, at polar latitudes there is mostly no significant impact of the meridional wind on radar echoes. A mean temperature well below the frost point and a weaker meridional temperature gradient than at mid-latitudes are reasons for this reduced influence. Due to higher temperatures in 2002, long period temperature and meridional wind variations impact the PMSE more than during the other years. |
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