太湖流域省市边界圩区建设问题初探

太湖流域的苏、浙、沪边界地区地处太湖流域下游,地势低洼,水网纵横,是太湖流域洪涝威胁最严重和水环境恶化地区,同时因为地处省市行政区边界,水利矛盾极为突出.解决好边界圩区问题,有利于减轻流域洪涝灾害,促进水资源保护,水环境恢复.本文分析了太湖流域二省一市边界圩区的发展历史和现状,归纳了边界圩区的格局和特点.考虑到防洪、水资源、水环境的影响,从圩区面积、圩内水面率和圩堤线长度几个方面对边界圩区做了研究,给出了边界圩区合适的圩区规模和圩内排涝动力,在此基础上,就边界圩区的建设提出了建议.研究表明,边界圩区的理想规模是400-533hm2,排涝模数为0.83m3/(s·km2).圩区建设应该局部服从整体利益,采用有效的协商机制解决边界圩区的矛盾.

Preliminary Analysis on the Polder Construction in the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai Boundary District of the Lower Reaches of Taihu Basin

The Jiangsu Zhejiang Shanghai boundary district of the lower reaches of the Taihu Basin is a plain area with low lying terrains and complicated hydrological system; it is a region where the threat of flood and waterlogging is most serious and the water environment deterioration most obvious. In the meantime, the water resources contradiction stands out because of its location-in the fringes of three administrative areas. To mitigate flood and waterlogging disasters, the fringe polder constructions as well as the maintenance are one of the key problems to the water resource utilization and water environment improvement in the district. After analyzing the development history and situations about fringe polder distribution along the boundary area, the polder system problems within the given district are discussed from the following aspects: the polder area change, water area ratio and the length of polder dykes, and so on. The appropriate polder scale and the drainage power of waterlogging are suggested. Finally, several suggestions on fringe polder development are proposed.