流体包裹体在油气地质地球化学中的应用

流体包裹体研究是油气形成和成藏定量化研究的重要手段。本文总结了油气藏中流体包裹体的地质地球化学意义及其在石油、天然气研究中的应用，探讨了烃源岩和储层流体包裹体在确定源岩演化、沉积环境、有机母质类型、成熟度、油气运移充填期次等方面的应用，指出目前流体包裹体油气地球化学研究应关注的几个前沿方向：①在流体包裹体分析实验技术中，单个包裹体分析技术在油气地质定量化研究中具有重要的作用；②通过有机包裹体自然剖面与模拟实验对比研究烃类流体运移分馏，为建立油气成藏过程地球化学示踪指标提供基础参数；③通过储层中不同期次有机包裹体的化学组成、同位素组成、生物标志化合物与圈闭中已经聚集成藏的油气地球化学特征的对比研究，确定圈闭中油气的成因、来源和充填过程；④有机包裹体成烃作用研究为碳酸盐岩生烃和深层油气成因理论提供依据；这些方向的研究成果为深化油气理论、提高勘探水平具有重要意义。

Applications of Fluid Inclusions to Petroleum and Natural Gas Geology and Geochemistry

As a major research subject in petroleum and natural gas geology, the study of fluid inclusions in oil-gas reservoirs is an important approach to quantitative investigation of the formation of oil and natural gas reservoirs. Geological and geochemical applications and significance for fluid inclusions in oil-gas reservoirs are briefly discussed in the present paper. Fluid inclusions in source rocks and reservoirs are used to discuss the evolution of source rocks, sedimentary environments, matrix type and maturity of organic matter, migration and filling stages of oil and gas. Moreover, four major problems in the study of organic inclusions are pointed out. The following four aspects are considered the main tasks to be solved in the future. (1) Analytic techniques for individual organic inclusions will take a vital role in the research of quantitative oil-gas geology. (2) Geochemical tracer factors for the formation of oil-gas reservoirs can be found based on a comparison research between natural profiles of fluid inclusions and simulation experiments for the fractionation of hydrocarbon fluids in oil-gas transfer. (3) Quantitative researches of the formation of oil and natural gas reservoirs, chemical compositions, isotopic compositions and biomarkers from organic inclusions of different stages in comparison with those of accumulated crude oil and natural gas in specified reservoirs will provide important clues to understanding the genetic type and source of crude oil and natural gas and reconstructing the filling history of reservoirs. (4) The study of hydrocarbon formation of organic inclusions could provide a basis for the theories on hydrocarbon generation in carbonate and origin of deep oil and gas. Results of all these researches are of great significance in deepening the theory of gas-oil reservoirs and boosting the level of oil-gas exploration.