日本环境保全型农业的综述:发展历史、挑战及新机遇（英文）

农业生态系统是世界上最大的人类管理的生态系统。环境保全型农业的发展对扭转世界上生物多样性巨大损失的局面意义重大。全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)项目是由联合国粮农组织(FAO)发起的以保护和动态管理传统农业知识系统及其景观为目标的国际性项目。日本农林水产省(MAFF)1992年开始高度重视现代农业生产对环境的负面影响。能登半岛和佐渡市被认定为发达国家中最早的GIAHS试点地,这也显示了日本地方层面保护传统农业生态系统的决心。本文综述了日本环境保全型农业发展的历史过程,现状,面临的挑战和新的机遇。日本现有的环境保全型农业包括:减少化肥和农药用量的做法,重视保护生物多样性的农法,有机农业等等。本文重点介绍了北陆地区的环境保全型农业发展的情况,尤其是石川县能登地区和新泻县佐渡市的情况以及最新的案例分析。本文使用最新的政府报告等官方文件,统计数据和学术论文进行分析并初步探讨如何进一步发展和扩大环境保全型农业的政策建议。本文分析环境保全型农业推广的问题并介绍了环境保全型农产品的市场价格的研究成果。认为重视农民的利益,鼓励城市居民,科研人员以及私营企业等多方面的参与,以及地方政府支持环保产品拓宽销路是环境保全型农业能得到切实发展的关键所在。

Review of Sustainable Agriculture: Promotion, Its Challenges and Opportunities in Japan

Agricultural ecosystems are the largest managed ecosystem in the world.The sustainable development of agriculture is significant to the reversion of dramatic loss of biological diversity in the world.Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） project launched by Food and Agriculture Organization （FAO） of the United Nations is among the global efforts to conserve and dynamically manage the specific agricultural knowledge system and landscapes.Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries （MAFF）,Japan stressed the environmental concern of conventional farming practices in Japan in 1992.Noto Peninsula and Sado City were designated as two new GIAHS pilot sites in Japan as part of local level initiative to preserve the traditional agricultural systems in 2011.This paper reviewed the development process of sustainable farming in Japan and analyzed the challenges and new possibilities to its further extension.The current situation of various sustainable farming practices：such as farming with reduced input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to conserve rich biodiversity,and organic farming,were reviewed.Emphasis was given to the sustainable farming practices in Hokuriku region,in particular,Ishikawa Prefecture and Sado City in Niigata Prefecture.Based on the recent official documents,reports and research papers,policy implication was brought forward.The challenges of sustainable farming practices and market valuation of sustainable farming products were analyzed.It was concluded that the environmental concerns of farmers and consumers are key to extend the sustainable farming practice in Japan.Conversion to bottom up policy making process paying attention to farmers＇interest with involvement of multi stakeholders including government,researchers and private sectors is effective for sustainable farming extension.