Precautionary management of deep-sea mining |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Universitaet Stuttgart, Herdweg 51, Stuttgart D-70174, Germany;2. Environmental Defense, 5655 College Avenue, Suite 304, Oakland, CA 94618, USA;1. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Gouvernance, Risque, Environnement, Développement (GRED), Montpellier cedex 5, BP 64501, France;2. Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), CS 40700, Grenoble cedex 9, 38058, France;3. Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM), 3 avenue Claude-Guillemin, BP 36009, Orléans cedex 02, 45060, France;4. Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin, Centre d''Études sur la Mondialisation, les Conflits, les Territoires et les Vulnérabilités (CEMOTEV), 47 boulevard Vauban, Guyancourt cedex 78047, France;1. Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia;2. The Cairns Institute, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia;1. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway;2. Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway;3. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation and Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA;4. Geological Survey of Norway, Postboks 6315 Sluppen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;5. Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal;6. Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;1. Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, UK;2. National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, UK SO14 3ZH;3. Environmental Resources Management Limited, North Hinksey Lane, Oxford, UK;4. Macquarie Law School, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia;5. Duke University Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, USA;6. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V. (IASS), Berliner Strasse 130, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;7. Wycliffe Management Ltd., Warsaw, Poland;8. IHC MTI B.V., P.O. Box 2, 2600 MB Delft, Delftechpark 13, 2628 XJ Delft, The Netherlands;1. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, United States;2. Department of Economics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0508, United States |
| |
| Abstract: | Interest in deep-sea mining developed in the early 1970s, with a focus on manganese nodules in international waters. Mining may actually occur first, however, on rich polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with hydrothermal vents within exclusive economic zones. Even though mining for polymetallic sulfides may not take place for several years, precautionary performance standards, environmental regulations, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas may help guide the marine mining industry toward a goal of minimizing environmental impacts. Once substantial investments in prospecting and exploring a potential mining site are made, implementation of environmental regulations may prove to be much more difficult. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
