云南镍钴矿成矿规律及找矿方向

镍、钴是我国重要的紧缺战略性矿产, 其保障程度对国家稳定和发展具有重要意义。云南省作为有色金属王国, 已发现了镍矿床(点)42处, 钴矿床(点)48处, 查明资源量位于全国前列, 具有较好的镍、钴矿找矿潜力。本文在前人研究工作基础上, 梳理了云南省镍、钴矿床的成因类型、时空分布和成矿作用, 总结成矿规律, 并探讨找矿方向。云南省镍、钴矿床可划分为岩浆型、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、受变质型、中-低温热液型和风化型6种矿床类型。镍、钴矿主要集中于扬子陆块及三江造山带, 镍矿床主要形成于印支期及喜马拉雅期, 钴矿床主要形成于喜马拉雅期、晋宁期及印支期。岩浆型和风化型镍、钴矿床与印支期扬子陆块的基性-超基性岩侵入活动关系密切, 中-低温热液型钴矿与喜马拉雅期的构造活动相关, 海相火山岩型和受变质型钴矿则是位于扬子陆块内与晋宁期火山活动相关的昆阳群和大红山岩群中。通过对全省镍、钴矿成矿作用分析和成矿规律总结, 结合潜力评价工作成果, 全省共圈定8处找矿远景区。为云南省新一轮找矿突破战略行动镍、钴矿勘查部署提供思路。

Metallogenic Regularity and Prospecting Direction of Nickel and Cobalt Deposits in Yunnan Province

Nickel and Cobalt are critical strategic minerals in short supply in China. Ensuring their availability is of utmost importance for national stability and development. As the hotspot for non-ferrous metals, Yunnan Province has 42 nickel deposits and 48 cobalt deposits, and these identified resources are in the forefront of the country, with good nickel and cobalt prospecting potential. Based on previous research, this study reviews the genetic types, temporal and spatial distribution, and mineralization of nickel and cobalt deposits in Yunnan Province, summarizes the metallogenic regularity, and discusses the prospecting direction. Nickel and cobalt deposits in Yunnan Province can be divided into 6 types: magmatic type, magmatic hydrothermal type, Marine volcanic type, metamorphic type, medium-low temperature hydrothermal type and weathering type. Nickel and cobalt deposits are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze landmass and Sanjiang orogenic belt, nickel deposits are mainly formed in the Indosinian and Himalayan ages, cobalt deposits are mainly formed in the Himalayan, Jinning and Indosinian ages. The magmatic and weathering nickel and cobalt deposits are closely related to the basic-ultrabasic rock intrusion activities of the Indosinian Yangtze landmass. The medium-low temperature hydrothermal cobalt deposits are related to the tectonic activities in the Sanjiang orogenic belt formed by the Himalayan orogenic activities. The marine volcanic type and sedimentary metamorphic type cobalt deposits are located in the Kunyang Group and Dahongshan Group in the Yangtze landmass, which are related to the volcanic activities of the Jingning Age. Based on the analysis and summary of mineralization rules of nickel and cobalt deposits in the province, combined with the results of potential evaluation, a total of 8 prospecting potential areas are delineated in this paper. Therefore, this study provides insights for the exploration and deployment of nickel and cobalt ore in a new round of prospecting breakthrough strategic action in Yunnan Province.