中国水资源管理新思想及和谐论应用

水资源管理已进入一个全新的阶段，现代水资源管理理念应运而生。在总结水资源管理发展历程，指出其存在问题的基础上，阐述了构建现代化水资源管理体系的必要性，剖析了反映水资源管理新思想的“三条红线”和“河湖水系连通战略”内涵，介绍了和谐论理念、量化方法及在水资源管理中的应用，包括构建人与自然和谐相处的和谐论途径、水资源管理的和谐论策略、分区分部门水资源合理分配的和谐论模型、跨界河流分水问题的和谐论模型、跨流域调水问题的和谐论模型、水污染物总量控制的和谐论模型等，为水资源管理工作指明了方向。

Chinese Water Resource Management and Application of the Harmony Theory

Chinese water resource management （CWRM） has passed through four stages： infancy, initial development, rapid development, and formation. In the last of these stages some problems persist and will affect management performance. CWRM was a decentralised, imperfectly codified and weakly implemented system that lacked a sound market policy, rational water prices, water conservation awareness, technical support and a performance appraisal system. The government of China proposed two new strategies in 2009： the Three Red Lines and the Interconnected River System Network （IRSN）. This paper analyses these two strategies and reflects on new CWRM concepts. Both strategies strive for the sustainable utilisation of water resources and human-water harmony. The concepts, quantification method and application of harmony theory to water resources management is discussed. Applications of harmony theory to water resources management include （i） harmony between humans and nature; （ii） a harmony strategy for water resources management; （iii） a rational allocation model for water resources among different areas and departments based on harmony theory; （iv） harmony-based water allocation issues associated with transboundary rivers; （v） harmony-based interbasin water transfer problems; and （vi） harmony-based control of pollution discharge. We conclude by discussing how harmony theory and its applications provide an appropriate pathway for water resource management in China.