估计环境价值的陈述偏好技术比较分析

随着人们环境意识的提高和环境资产稀缺性的增加，在资源利用决策中，决策也逐渐考虑环境因素的作用。但是由于缺乏市场，环境物品利用决策中大多缺乏有关环境价值方面的信息，陈述偏好技术是当前解决环境物品经济价值评估的主要方法和手段．首先介绍了环境物品经济价值的分类和评估技术，从理论和应用角度系统地阐述了当前国际上广泛应用于环境物品非利用价值评估的陈述偏好技术(条件估值法，选择模型法，条件分级法，条件排队法和配对比较法)，并分析比较了各种不同的陈述偏好技术的差异，最后总结分析了陈述偏好技术的优缺点。

Comparison Analysis of the Stated Preference Techniques for Valuing Environment

The use of stated preference techniques for estimating environmental value has increased substantially in recent years. However, criticizing the most widespread stated preferences used for valuing environmental resources, the contingent valuation method (CVM) suggests that there is a need to not only refine the CVM, but also to develop alternative stated preferences techniques. In this paper, the CVM is compared with four other stated preferences: contingent rating, contingent ranking, paired comparison and choice modeling. The techniques are compared in terms of their methodologies and the validity and reliability of the results they produce. The appropriateness of using each of the stated preferences techniques in different environmental valuation applications is also discussed. It is concluded that while the CVM is prone to bias and has some practical limitations, when applied appropriately it can be used to produce theoretically valid results. Three of the other techniques such as contingent rating, contingent ranking and paired comparison are found to have weak theoretical bases and do not produce economically valid valuation estimates. The final stated preferences technique examined, choice modeling, appears to have considerable potential for providing useful and valid estimated of environmental values.