滚石冲击力测试研究

以国内外代表性滚石冲击力计算方法为基础，针对冲击力的影响因素，设计了一套滚石冲击力测试装置。通过试验设计，选取不同的滚石质量、冲击速度、入射角度、缓冲材料性质及厚度等影响因素，获得冲击力变化规律。结果表明：最大冲击力随滚石重量的减小或冲击速度的降低而逐渐减小，2 cm厚度缓冲层比直接冲击时减小了90%左右，缓冲效果明显。同时最大冲击力随着入射角度的变小而降低，但入射角度越小，冲击力值降低的幅度越小。结合冲击试验结果，通过冲击力计算方法对比分析，建立了可用于各影响因素的最大冲击力计算方法，验算表明误差很小。研究结果可为滚石灾害的防治设计提供参考依据。

Test research on rockfall impact force

Based on the domestic and foreign representative calculation methods of rockfall impact force, in view of the factors of impact force, a set of impact force testing equipment is designed. Different rockfall qualities, impact speeds, incident angles, properties and thickness of buffer material as influence factors are selected in experimental design to obtain the change rules of impact force. The results show that the maximum impact force gradually reduces with the decrease of rockfall weight or the lower impact velocity, the force in 2 cm thickness of buffer layer is reduced about 90% than without it; the buffering effect is obvious; and the maximum impact force reduces with the incident angle lowering; but the little decrease amplitude of impact force value as the incident angle become smaller. Combining with impact testing results, a calculation method of maximum impact force associated with each influence factor, is obtained. By checking, it is shown that the error is small, so it can provide certain reference basis for treatment design of rockfall hazards.