The Sevsk woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) site in Russia: Taphonomic,biological and behavioral interpretations |
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| Institution: | 1. Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya, 123, 117995 Moscow, Russia;2. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevsky per., 7, 109017 Moscow, Russia;1. Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China;2. CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing, 100044, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Division of Palaeozoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroc?aw, Wroclaw, Poland;2. Dorpsstraat 53, 3238BB Zwartewaal, Netherlands;3. Naturkunde- und Mammut-Museum Siegsdorf, Germany;1. Centre for Archaeology, Institute of Cultural Heritage, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, 1, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare, Kishinau, MD 2001, Republic of Moldova;2. Divison of Palaeozoology, Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Wroc?aw, Sienkiewicza 21, Wroc?aw 50-335, Poland;3. Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznań, Poland;4. Department of Physical Geography and Natural Management, Geographical Faculty, Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Kotsubynskogo 2, Chernivtsi 58012, Ukraine;5. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, S?awkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland;6. Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wroc?aw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroc?aw, Poland;1. Center of Excellence in Paleontology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA;2. Research and Collections Center, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, IL, USA;3. Department of Anthropology, McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;4. Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;5. MYcroarray, AnnArbor, MI, USA;1. New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA;2. New Mexico Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Socorro, NM 87801, USA;3. Chevron Energy Technology Company, Houston, TX 77002, USA |
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| Abstract: | Excavations at Sevsk, Bryansk Region, Russia, by the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1988–1991 recovered 3800 bones of woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blum.) representing a minimum of 33 individuals. The locality is one of the largest naturally occurring deposits of mammoth remains in Europe and is inferred to be a catastrophic death assemblage. The material includes five skeletons of juvenile mammoths, from 1 month to 6 or 7 years of age, as well as partial skeletons and isolated bones of adult individuals. A femur and humerus of an approximately 10–12-month-old fetus are also among the finds. Morphological features suggest that the Sevsk mammoths belonged to one family group; the age structure and sexual composition of the assemblage do not differ significantly from that of a family group of Modern African elephants. In contrast to other localities in Siberia and central Russia, relatively more (about 45% of individuals) prepubertal animals are preserved at Sevsk. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the mammoths died about 14,000 years ago. Data from diatoms, pollen and rodents, as well as archeological evidence, corroborate this age, and provide the basis for a paleoenvironmental reconstruction at the end of the Valdaian Glaciation in western Russia. |
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