Magmatism and crustal evolution in Costa Rica (Central America) |
| |
Authors: | Prof Dr Hans Pichler Prof Dr Richard Weyl |
| |
Institution: | (1) Present address: Mineralogisch-Petrographisches Institut, Wilhelmstr. 56, D-74 Tübingen;(2) Present address: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Landgraf-Philipp-Platz 4-6, D-63 Gie\en, Germany |
| |
Abstract: | New major element and trace element data of Lower Tertiary volcanics and of rocks of the Aguacate volcanic series permit a better understanding of the petrochemical evolution in the Costa Rica area. This evolution of the magmatic and tectonic processes shows clearly the transformation of oceanic crust with basic magmatism into a continental crust with intermediate to acidic magmatic activity. The main trend since the upper Cretaceous is characterized by a continual increase of the silica level of the magmatic products which build up the present tectonitic crust of Costa Rica.Only the Aguacate volcanic series is contrasting from all other magmatic series by predominance of alkaline rocks which are petrochemically quite similar to the volcanics of the East-Pacific Islands. It is considered, therefore, that the Aguacate volcanics represent remnants of Upper Tertiary island volcanoes.
Zusammenfassung Neue chemische Gesteinsanalysen und Spurenelement-Daten von tertiären Vulkaniten Costa Ricas erlauben eine bessere Interpretation der petrochemischen Entwicklung im südlichen Mittelamerika. Sie ist gekennzeichnet durch einen kontinuierlichen Anstieg des SiO2-Gehaltes der magmatischen Förderprodukte von der Oberkreide bis zur Gegenwart. Hierin kommt die Umwandlung ozeanischer in kontinentale ( tectonitic ) Kruste zum Ausdruck.Abweichend von allen anderen magmatischen Serien Costa Ricas weist die Aguacate-Serie eine Vorherrschaft von alkalinen Gesteinen auf, die petrochemisch denen der ost-pazifischen Inselvulkane ähnlich sind. Es wird daher die Möglichkeit erörtert, da\ die Aguacate-Serie stark abgetragene Reste tertiärer Inselvulkane darstellt.
Resumen Nuevos análisis químicos y datos de elementos trazas en los volcanitos terciarios de Costa Rica permiten una mejor interpretación de la evolución quimica del magmatismo en la zona de América Central. Dicha evolución está caracterizada por un continuo aumento en el contenido de SiO2 de las rocas volcánicas desde el Cretácico superior hasta el Reciente. El aumento de silice manifesta la transformación de la corteza oceánica en una corteza continental ( tectonítica ).La Serie Aguacate se diferencia de todas las otras series magmáticas de Costa Rica, mostrando una predominación de las rocas alcalinas, que químicamente se parecen a las de las islas volcánicas en el Pacífico oriental. Por esta razón se discute la posibilidad de que la Serie Aguacate representa los restos fuertemente erosionados de islas volcánicas terciarias.
![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![softcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![IOcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1025.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) -![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![shcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1096.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Bcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) (![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tscy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1094.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![khcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![IOcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1025.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![khcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![shcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1096.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) SiO2 ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Bcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![khcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![softcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1100.gif) ![SHCHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1065.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) . ![IOcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1025.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Bcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1041.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) («![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) »). ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) -![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) Aguacate ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![softcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1100.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![SHCHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1065.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) , ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![khcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1093.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![pcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1087.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![tscy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1094.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![Fcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1060.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Bcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1041.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Dcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1044.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Mcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1052.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![zhcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1078.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) , ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![IOcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1025.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![softcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1100.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![softcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1100.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![ycy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1099.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![IEcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1045.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Icy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1048.gif) ![CHcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1063.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![scy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1090.gif) ![Rcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1056.gif) ![Ocy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1054.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) ![gcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1075.gif) ![Vcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1042.gif) ![Ucy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1059.gif) ![lcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1082.gif) ![Acy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1040.gif) ![Ncy](/content/u82t1pj0028vxq85/xxlarge1053.gif) .
|
| |
Keywords: | |
本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
|