利用扫描电镜技术研究纳米Ni-Fe颗粒对四氯化碳快速脱氯的机理

纳米铁具有高的比表面积和高反应活性,能快速将氯代烯烃还原成无毒氯离子、乙烯和乙烷,但对于氯代烷烃的脱氯仍能产生大量的氯代中间或最终产物,可以通过合成制得纳米双金属提高脱氯速率和减少氯代中间产物。本文利用扫描电镜测得实验室制备的纳米Ni-Fe(2%,质量分数)颗粒直径为20~60 nm,通过批实验方式对纳米Ni-Fe降解四氯化碳的反应动力学性质、产物、持久性能和反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,纳米Ni-Fe体系主要最终产物为42%CH4和17%CH2Cl2。与铸铁屑和纳米铁相比,纳米Ni-Fe由于催化脱氯加氢,显著提高了氯代烃脱氯速率,同时降低了有毒氯代产物的产量,且Ni作为催化剂不会进入水体引起二次污染。纳米Ni-Fe颗粒在空气中具有很好的稳定性,虽然降解四氯化碳的最终产物CH4与纳米Pd-Fe相比少13%,但由于价格便宜,有望在工程上应用于氯代有机化合物水土污染治理。

Kinetics and Mechanism of Carbon Tetrachloride Rapid Reduction by Nanoscale Ni-Fe Particles Using Scanning Electron Microscope

The nanoscale iron particles have high specific surface area and high reactivity, can be used to rapidly reduce chlorinated alkene to the non-toxic chloride ions, chlorine-free end products ethene and ethane. But nanoscale iron particle degrades chlorinated alkanes with much toxic intermediate or end products. A small amount of a second metal deposited on the iron surface has proved to enhance the reactivity of metal particles. In this paper, laboratory-synthesized nanoscale Ni-Fe (2% by weight) particles have diameters on the order of 20-60 nm using Scanning Electron Microscope. In batch experiments, the kinetics, products, stability of performance, and mechanism of carbon tetrachloride (CT) by Ni-Fe nanoparticles were investigated. CH₄ (~42%) and CH₂Cl₂ (~17%) in nanoscale Ni-Fe system were the major end products. Compared to nanoscale iron and the cast iron scarp, a major benefit of the nanoscale Ni-Fe particles for treatment of CT is the low yield of chlorinated by-product. Due to the presence of catalyst (Ni) on the surface, dechlorination rate was significantly increased and production of chlorinated byproducts was notably reduced. Catalytic metal Ni from the nanoscale Ni-Fe particles would not dissolve into water so that it would not form a secondary contamination of water body. The laboratory-synthesized nanoscale particles are quite stable under ambient conditions. For nano-scale Ni-Fe particles system, the end-product CH₄ were reduced by 13% compared with nanoscale Pd-Fe particles. Although tnano-scale Pd-Fe particles are effective in dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds, nano-scale Ni-Fe particles are more economically viable which made it possible for the large scale remediation of water and soil contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds.