塔里木河1994年大洪水及其相关问题分析

塔里木河阿拉尔站１９９４年７月发生了有记载以来的第二位最大洪峰流量，时段最大洪量。超过了以往的记录，在分析塔里木河洪水成因的基础上，对１９９４年洪水的形成，特性，沿程耗损作了剖析；回顾了１９５６年以来干流上，中，下游段耗用水比的变迁，并对其后果进行了分析。

A CATACTROPHIC FLOOD AND SOME RELATIVE PROBLEMS IN THE TARIM RIVER IN 1994

A catastrophic flood occurred in the Tarim River in summer, 1994. Its peak discharge at Aral Hydrometric Station was the second large one in the past 39 years, and the flood volume of each duration was the first. The flood came mainly from northern tributary named the Kunmalik River of the Aksu River, and a little of which was contributed by the Hotan River and the Yarkant River. All of the noodwater mentioned above was snow-ice melting water. The regions at the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River suffered from the nood at that time. The water volume arrived to its lower reaches, however, was still a little, and the drought sustained for many years did not get any improvement. According to the data from 1956 to 1994 and analysis results, the water consumption ratio of the Tarim River rose from 26.4% to 49.1 % at the upper reaches, maintained about 48% at the middle reaches, and dropped from 27.7% to 7% at the 1ower reaches. A principa1 reason for the lack of water at the lower reaches of the Tarim River is an excessive water consumption at its upper and middle reaches. The water utilization at the regions along the Tarim River is a serious problem, should be systematically planned and controlled urgently.