企业所有制与在华外资企业的溢出效应

本研究从企业所有制角度探讨了在华外资对于合资企业的溢出效应。基于大样本企业数据的计量结果表明：（1）没有明显的证据表明外资企业效率高于内资企业，但是私人控股企业效率强于外资企业，也强于国有企业；从产业的角度，一些内资企业低于外资企业生产效率的产业通常也是国有资本比重较高的产业；（2）外资比重的上升可能提高国有控股企业生产率，却不利于提高私人控股的合资企业生产率，确证了企业生产效率存在明显的所有制差异，私营资本的生产效率不弱于外资企业和国有企业，与目前私营企业在获取种种资源上的弱势地位形成对比。因此，要提高中国企业的竞争力，需要改变民营企业在发展中的弱势地位，改变地方政府在引资过程中过于迷信外资的状况，积极为民营企业的建立、融资、发展创造有利条件。

Enterprise Ownership and Foreign Enterprise Spillover Effect in China

The paper explores how FDI affects joint venture enterprise in China. Based on big firm level data, we conclude that, （1） there exists no obvious evidence to show that foreign enterprise s ’ efficiency are higher than that of domestic enterprises. Private holding enterprises efficiency is higher than that of foreign holding company as well as state holding company. （2） The higher the level of foreign stock right, the lower the state or private holding joint venture enterprise efficiency, which proves that enterprise efficiency has obvious ownership difference. Private holding enterprises efficiency is no less than foreign holding enterprise and even much higher than that of state holding ownership enterprises. To improve Chinese enterprises competition, the private enterprises’ weak status should be changed, and the local government should also change their bias against private enterprise, they should positively set up good environment facilitate private enterprises’founding, developing and financing.