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Palaeoenvironments of the Continental Intercalaire fossil from the Late Cretaceous (Barremian-Albian) in North Africa: a case study of southern Tunisia
Authors:Younes Hamed  Samir Anwar Al-Gamal  Wassim Ali  Abederazzak Nahid  Hamed Ben Dhia
Institution:1. Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, Department of Earth Sciences, City Campus Erriadh-Zirig, 6072, Gabes, Tunisia
2. Water, Energy and Environmental Laboratory (L3E)—School of Engineers, Soukra Street Km 3.5, BP.W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Taxila, Pakistan
4. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe University (former) Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe, Germany
5. Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Marrakech (Morocco), Marrakech, Morocco
Abstract:Through the Late Cretaceous, the southern shore of the Tethys Ocean migrated north and south over short distances. These vicissitudes are documented in the Continental Intercalaire, a long series of mainly non-marine sediments deposited in which dinosaur or other reptiles tracks and floral fossils are common across southern Tunisia (North Africa). A combined taxonomic, climatological, and palaentological studies provides independent lines of evidence for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. The Bou Hedma/Boulouha and Sidi Aïch/Douiret Formations from southern Tunisia span the later part of the Late Cretaceous. During the Late Cretaceous the Tunisian territory was an archipelago, thus a particularly suitable area for a more detailed study. We investigated the area’s plant palaeo-biogeography, using fossil wood, with information from both a literature survey and investigation of new samples. The presence of fossils at great depths and distances from the present coastline, without signs of abrasion and far from areas of fluvial discharges does indicate that these remains have not been transported from the continent to the shelf, but have been preserved directly on the area that today correspond to the continental shelf. The climate during the accumulation of Barremian-Albian deposits in this region is inferred to have been warm and humid.
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