中国海岛港口现状特征与类型划分

我国海岛众多,具有丰富港口资源,其中一些港口深水岸线逼近岛岸,适宜发展大型深水集装箱港。目前海岛港口资源开发程度较低,在海岛上已开发的大型港口仅有上海洋山港,多数海岛县为规模不大的地方小港。对中国海岛县的港口吞吐量、港口用地等应用洛伦兹曲线(基尼系数)分析集聚状况,并用回归分析方法,分析港口发展与经济增长的关系。根据海岛港口规模、区位、腹地、港口“代际”以及海岛与大陆连通等指标,对中国海岛港口进行类型划分,并对划分的洋山港、舟山港以及地方小港等三种不同类型的港口特征进行了分析。进而结合当前国际海运业的要求与建造大船舶以适应大型深水港的发展趋势,提出了今后发展海岛深水港的方向。

Features of island ports and their classification in China: Taking Yangshan Port Island and Marine Island County as an example

China has numerous islands,which boast rich port resources,including some deep water port coastline close to island shore,and they are suitable for developing large deep water container port.At present the development level of island port resources is relatively low,and only Yangshan Port is well developed.In contrast,only small-scale ports can be found in the rest of the island counties.This paper analyzes the islands in Lorenz Curve(Gini coefficient)to find out if there is the development of cluster.Regression analysis was used to identify the correlation between port development and economic growth.By indices such as the scale of island port,location,hinterland,"inter-generation relation" of ports,and the connection of island and continent,China''s island ports are classified into three types,and the characteristics of three different types of ports(Yangshan Port,Zhoushan Port and local small harbors)are analyzed.Based on the current global demand for sea transportation,and the trend of larger and larger ships being built to adapt to the development of deep water ports, this paper proposes and projects future directions in which deepwater island harbors can develop in the future.