黑河流域中游地区国民经济用水投入产出分析——以张掖市为例

采用投入产出分析方法, 以黑河流域中游的张掖市为例, 将传统的价值型投入产出表和水资源利用的实物型投入产出表相结合, 构建了混合型水资源投入产出表, 并估算了张掖市各行业的直接用水系数、 用水乘数、 直接产出系数、 产出乘数以及综合用水特性. 结果表明: 张掖市种植业、 畜牧业和其他农业的用水效益和用水效率远低于其他行业, 直接耗用水程度均高, 而直接产出一般. 张掖市过度依赖种植业的产业结构特征造成该地区对水资源的过度依赖. 因此, 调整产业结构, 实施高效的节水措施, 适当降低农业尤其是种植业在国民经济中的比重, 是解决张掖市水资源危机的有效途径.

Input-Output Analysis of the Water Consumption for Economic Development in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River-A Case Study in Zhangye Municipality

In this paper, the input-output of Zhangye Municipality, located in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, is analyzed. Combining the traditional financial input-output table and the physical input-output table of water resources utilization, the direct and indirect water consumption coefficients, the water consumption multiplier and the comprehensive water consumption characteristics in various sectors of the local economy in Zhangye Municipality have been calculated. It is found that the greatest water consumer is agriculture sectors, whose water utilization benefit and water utilization efficiency are lower than another sectors, which is the main cause of the excessive dependence on water resources in Zhangye Municipality. Thus, for solving water crisis in Zhangye Municipality, it is important to adjust industrial structure, upgrade the industries, implement the efficiency water-saving measures, reduce properly proportion of agriculture, especially planting, at the level of regional economy. These measures will contribute to make reasonable industry structure and water saving measures, and will be useful to improve the macro-benefit of the regional water resources utilization.