旅游地居民职业转换中社会资本的影响与重塑——平遥案例

社会资本具有识别社会结构的功能,这种识别既有助于解释微观现象的差别,又有助于实现微观到宏观的过渡。转型期中国社会资本的研究主要关注经济快速发展中,传统社会资本的冲击解体和现代社会资本的建构过程,研究视点很少放在以旅游为导向的社区空间,对其旅游从业者的群体研究也缺乏关注。本文对平遥单位制解体后下岗职工进入旅游业及塑造相关社会资本网络的过程中,社会资本所发生的变化进行实证研究。重点分析了每个阶段社会资本的状况、运作策略及作用。研究发现社会资本对旅游从业者的形成与发展具有重要作用,社会资本的差异会导致社会差距的进一步拉大。世界文化遗产地平遥古城作为一个典型的案例,为了解社会资本在旅游目的地下岗职工再就业中的作用提供了重要参考。

The influence and reconstruction of social capital in the transformation of residents' occupations in tourism destination Pingyao

Social capital can identify social structure.The identification contributes to interpreting differences of micro phenomena and helps research transiting from a micro-to macro-perspective.In the time of transition,studies in China on social capital mainly focus on the disintegration of traditional social capital and the construction of modern social capital in the context of the rapid economic development.Nevertheless,there have been few studies on the tourism-oriented traditional community and little attention has been paid to the group of tourism practitioners.This paper conducts an empirical work about the changes of the social capital in the process that laid-off workers plunged into the tourism industry and shaped social capital network after the disintegration of "unit community" in Pingyao.The study mainly analyzes the status of social capital,people''s operation strategy and its effects during different stages.It reveals that social capital plays an important role in the formation and development of tourism practitioners,and the differences in social capital further enlarge the social disparities.The Ancient City of Pingyao,a world cultural heritage,as a typical case,provides us important references to understand the role of social capital in the reemployment of laid-off workers in the tourist destination.