内城区户籍贫困空间剥夺式重构研究——基于南京10843份拆迁安置数据

采用南京内城区2001-2011 年期间10843 户贫困家庭的拆迁安置数据,探讨内城区户籍贫困空间格局及其重构特征。通过空间自相关与空间聚类等研究方法,对城市拆迁发生前内城区22 个街道的贫困家庭分布格局分析发现:① 样本贫困群体在街道尺度上社会经济属性相对均质,主要贫困属性因子的空间自相关性不强;② 内城区户籍贫困空间格局具有良好的历史延续性,总体上呈分散布局并遵循着自然渐进式的空间演化模式;③ 拆迁安置导致内城区贫困空间发生由中心至边缘、由分散到集中的重构,而且这种贫困空间边缘化过程具有强烈的不可逆性;④ 贫困家庭的物质居住条件通过拆迁安置得以改善,代价是因搬离内城而远离商业区、重点中小学、三甲医院和地铁站点等城市优质公共资源。内城区贫困空间剥夺式重构过程中,城市优势区位的丧失有可能导致贫困家庭的交通、就业与生活成本增加,向上流动机会减少。

Research on the deprivation-type reconstruction of inner-city registered poverty space based on resettlement data of Nanjing

Based on the resettlement data from 10843 poverty-stricken families during 2001-2011 in inner-city areas of Nanjing, this paper examined the pattern and reconstruction of inner-city registered poverty space. By means of spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering, etc., this paper analyzed the distribution pattern of poverty-stricken families in 22 sub-districts in inner-city areas before urban relocation, and found that: (1) the social economic attribute of sample poverty-stricken groups on sub-district scale is relatively homogeneous, and the spatial autocorrelation of major poverty attribute factors is not strong; (2) the pattern of inner-city registered poverty space has good historical continuity, presents dispersed layout and follows natural progressive spatial evolution mode; (3) resettlement has resulted in the reconstruction of inner-city poverty spaces from centre to margin, and from dispersion to centralization, and such marginization of poverty spaces is strongly irreversible; and (4) the material living conditions of poverty-stricken families are improved after relocation and resettlement at the cost that they have to get away from urban high-quality public resources, such as business district, key preliminary and middle schools, top three hospitals, and metro stations, etc. In the deprivation-type reconstruction of inner-city poverty spaces, the loss of urban advantaged location will possibly lead to the rise in the cost of traffic, employment and living, and the reduction of opportunities for moving upwards of poverty-stricken families.