原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响

以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标.

Effect of crude oil on the activity of antioxidant enzyme of scallop Chlamys farreri

The toxic effects of water soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil on scallop Chlamys farreri were examined through exposure tests at different concentrations. The activities of antioxidases in gill and digestive glands were examined. The results showed that the activities of both SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) and CAT (Catalase) in gills and digestive glands showed a decrease-increase-decrease trend with increased exposure time. Time for the enzymes to reach their highest activities varied with the concentration of WSF. The activity of SOD in digestive gland was induced by 0.08 mg/L of WSF on the 1^st day of exposure, followed by inhibitory effect. The digestive gland enzyme activities were inhibited first and then increased with time at 0.21 mg/L and 0.88 mg/L of WSF. At the 4th day of the test, the activities of SOD in gills gland were inhibited by both 0.08 and 0.88mg/L of WSF but induced by 0.21 mg/L of WSF. Our study indicated that the SOD activity could be used as a stress indicator of Chlamys farreri when exposed to petroleum polluted environments.