Sand and gravel mining: effects on ground water resources in Hancock county,Maine, USA |
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Authors: | John M Peckenham Teresa Thornton Bill Whalen |
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Institution: | (1) Senator George J. Mitchell Center for Environmental and Watershed Research, University of Maine, 5710 Norman Smith Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;(2) College of Education, University of Maine, Shibles Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA;(3) Present address: Mount Saint Mary College, Aquinas Hall, 330 Powell Ave, Newburgh, NY 12550, USA |
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Abstract: | Based on this preliminary study, existing sand and gravel mining regulations (in Maine, USA) can be inferred to provide some
protection to water resources. Sand and gravel deposits are important natural resources that have dual uses: mining for construction material and pumping for drinking water. How the mining of sand and gravel affects aquifers and change aquifer vulnerability to contamination
is not well documented. Mining regulations vary greatly by state and local jurisdiction. This study test metrics to measure
the effectiveness of mining regulations. The sand and gravel aquifer system studied is covered with former and active gravel
pits to nearly 25% of its areal extent. Data from homeowner interviews and field measurements found scant evidence of changes
in water quantity. Water quality analyses collected from springs, streams, ponds and wells indicate that the aquifer was vulnerable
to contamination by chloride and nitrate. However, water quality changes can not be related directly to mining activities. |
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Keywords: | Ground water management Gravel mining Nonpoint source pollution Environmental regulations Maine USA |
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