Development of an apparatus to measure groundwater qualities in situ and to sample groundwater using boreholes |
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| Authors: | H Ii Yoshihiro Horie Takashi Ishii Jun Shimada |
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| Institution: | (1) Faculty of Systems Engineering, Wakayama University, 930, Sakaedani, Wakayama-city, Wakayama 640, Japan, JP;(2) Power and Energy project division, Shimizu Corporation, 2–3, Shibaura 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–07, Japan, JP;(3) Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305, Japan, JP |
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| Abstract: | To accurately measure the pH, Eh, EC and temperature of groundwater retrieved from boreholes, a deep groundwater sampling
apparatus was developed which provided sensory measurements both in situ and in a flow-through cell at ground level. Under
a pressure of 1×106 Pa the in situ accuracy of the apparatus sensor was within the following limits: pH ±0.2, temperature ±0.1°C, Eh ±10 mV,
and EC ±2.4%. The measuring and sampling of deep groundwater from a borehole of more than 1000 m in depth was performed continuously
for 30 days. Values of pH were the same for the in situ sensor, the flow-through cell sensor and the laboratory measurements
of the sampled water. At the beginning of the sampling period, Eh values of the in situ sensor indicated deep groundwater
conditions. The apparatus is particularly useful for Eh measurement. Chemical composition and stable isotope ratios indicated
that the groundwater sampled from more than 1000 m depth was a connate water with a chemical composition slightly different
from seawater of the present time, and the groundwater retrieved from 800 m depth was a meteoric water. Natural radioactive
elements are thought to be the origin of the tritium in the groundwater retrieved from the 1000 m depth.
Received: 6 August 1996 / Accepted: 22 October 1996 |
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| Keywords: | Groundwater chemistry pH Eh EC In situ measurement Sensor In situ sampling Borehole |
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