通辽市雷暴活动的空间分布特征分析

利用通辽市10个气象站1961—2012年52a雷暴观测资料,采用数理统计方法,统计了单站雷暴日数、雷暴出现的初日和终日及初终间日数,利用GIS绘图软件对全市多年雷暴日数进行插值绘图,探讨了通辽市雷暴日数的空间分布特征。结果表明:(1)通辽市全年雷暴日数为290d,集中出现在6—7月,占年总日数的57%。最早初日为3月18日,最晚结束日为12月27日;(2)通辽市雷暴活动日数空间分布不均,北部多,东部少,相差10d;(3)雷暴活动初日多发生在4月下旬至5月上旬,但最早和最晚年雷暴初日差值各站差异较大。全市平均初雷暴日出现在5月6日;(4)雷暴活动终日多发生在9月下旬至10月上旬,舍伯吐站雷暴结束日最早,甘旗卡站结束的最晚,两站相差13d,全市平均终雷暴日出现在9月26日。全市平均雷暴活动期为144d。

Analysis on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Thunderstorm Activity in Tongliao city

Using the thunderstorm observation data of 10 weather stations in Tongliao from 1961 to 2012, by means of mathematical statistical methods, we calculate the thunderstorm days of single station, the initial days, the final days and the days between initial and final day. Using GIS mapping software, the thunderstorm days are drawed by interpolation in the city for these years, and then we discuss the spatial distribution characteristics of the thunderstorm days in Tongliao. Results show that：（1） The annual thunderstorm days in Tongliao city is 290 days, concen-trating in June to July, taking up to 57% of the total days. The earliest initial day is March 18th,and the latest final day is December 27th;（2） The spatial distribution of thunderstorm activity days in Tongliao is uneven, more in the north and less in the east, differing 10 days.（3） The initial days occur usually from late April to early May, but the initial days of the earliest and the latest year is variational with each station. The average thunderstorm initial day in the city emerges on May 6th.（4） The final days occur usually from late September to early October. Thunderstorm final date of Sebotu station is the earliest, and Ganqika station is the latest, differing 13 days. The average thunderstorm final day in the city emerges on September 26th.The average thunderstorm activity period in the city is 145 days.