西沙群岛造礁石珊瑚主要疾病调查与初步研究

记录了2010年5-10月及2011年4-8月在西沙群岛海域开展珊瑚疾病调查的结果,发现普哥滨珊瑚(Porites pukoensis)、扁枝滨珊瑚(Porites andrewsi)、蔷薇珊瑚(Montipora spp.)、杯形珊瑚(Pocillopora spp.)、鹿角珊瑚(Acropora spp.) 、菊花珊瑚(Goniastrea spp.)、澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和滨珊瑚(Porites spp.)等共14种珊瑚主要出现了白化、白斑病、黑化、黄色炎症样病症、粉红颗粒状综合症等9种不同症状的疾病,目前该海域为珊瑚疾病的频发区。其中,普哥滨珊瑚的黄色炎症样病症和扁枝滨珊瑚的白化最为常见。普哥滨珊瑚黄色炎症样病症主要出现在永兴岛附近海区,患病部位存在大量黄色脓样分泌物,患病部位水螅体生长正常、萎缩或缺失,有时骨骼部分缺失,患病部位面积一般为0.02~12.00 cm2;该疾病由机械损伤或其他原因引起,因机械损伤引起的伤口一般在2~3个月可以恢复,其中小面积伤口的黄色物质可在10~20d内消失、伤口基本恢复正常,而其他原因产生的黄色物质需1~3个月才能消失,有的甚至在观察期内无明显变化。扁枝滨珊瑚的白化出现在七连屿一带的扁枝滨珊瑚分布区,该病存在整枝完全白化、局部大面积白化、散布白色斑点3种情况,白化部位水螅体缺失。本文为我国西沙海域珊瑚疾病的首次报道,可为今后开展西沙珊瑚疾病研究提供参考。

The survey and preliminary research on main diseases of stony coral in Xisha Archipelago

The main stony coral diseases in Xisha Archipelago were surveyed from May to October,2010 and from April to August,2011. Nine diseases,including coral bleaching,white spot disease,coral black disease,yellow inflammatory like syndrome and pink syndrome,were found in 14 species of stony coral,such as Porites pukoensis,Porites andrewsi,Montipora spp.,Pocillopora spp.,Acropora spp.,Goniastrea spp.,Porites lutea,Porites spp.. The yellow inflammatory-like disease of Porites pukoensis and bleaching in Porites andrewsi were very predominant in this area. The yellow inflammatory-like disease of Porites pukoensis was mainly distributed in the sea near Yongxing Island. Some yellow pus-like secreta presented in its lesion. The lesion was from 0.02 to 12.00 cm² and the polyps in the lesion were normally growing,curling or missing. This disease might be caused by mechanical damage or other unknown reasons. The recure of the disease caused by mechanical damage would be happened in two to three months. Although it would be disappeared in 10 to 20 days while the wound was small,the yellow secreta would be disappeared or not after one to three months while the disease caused by other reasons. Bleaching of Porties andrewsi appeared in the sea near Qilian Island. The symptoms of this disease include complete bleaching,part bleaching or white spot disease. The polyps in its lesion missed and the skeleton was very white. It is the first report on coral diseases in Xisha Archipelago of South China Sea and will provide information and data for further study of coral disease in Xisha in future.