A Gibbs–Pitzer function for high-salinity seawater thermodynamics |
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Authors: | Rainer Feistel Giles M Marion |
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Institution: | aLeibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde, Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany;bDesert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA |
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Abstract: | A high-salinity Gibbs function for seawater is derived from Pitzer equations of the sea salt components, in conjunction with the 2003 Gibbs function of seawater for low salinities. Various properties, computed from both formulations by thermodynamic rules, are compared with each other, and with high-salinity measurements. The new Gibbs–Pitzer function presented in this paper is valid in the range 0–110 g kg−1 in absolute salinity, −7 to +25 °C in temperature, and 0–100 MPa in applied pressure. The formulation is expressed in the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90), and is consistent with the International Standard for Fluid Water (IAPWS-95), and with the 2005/2006 equations of state of ice Ih. |
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Keywords: | Seawater High salinity Thermodynamic properties Gibbs function Pitzer equations |
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