基于潜在活动空间的个体时空可达性特征与影响因素研究——以上海市郊区为例

可达性是人文地理学和相关学科研究的核心议题之一。在“以人为本”理念的影响下，以时间地理学理论为基础、基于人的研究范式的时空可达性测度方法受到学者关注，成为生活质量、社会公平等议题的重要切入点。论文通过刻画整日潜在活动空间对个体的时空可达性进行测度，并以上海市郊区为案例地区，基于2017年居民活动日志一手调查数据开展实证研究。首先利用路网分析、二次开发等方法，对个体工作日和休息日的潜在活动空间进行测度；其次以弹性时间、整日潜在活动空间面积和可达设施密度为测度指标，利用GIS三维可视化、方差分析等方法分析时空可达性的特征及其在空间和时间维度的分异；最后，利用多元回归分析方法，探讨区位因素、时间因素和社会经济属性对居民时空可达性的影响。研究结果表明，上海市郊区居民的时空可达性在空间和时间维度上均存在着明显的分异，其中远郊居民面临着更强的时空制约和更大的空间困境；区位因素和时间因素是影响居民时空可达性的重要因素。该研究是时空可达性的测度方法在郊区中的实证检验，揭示了时空可达性的动态特征和个体间差异，为设施的时空优化配置和郊区新城建设中居民生活质量的提高提供了实证依据。

Characteristics and impact factors of individual spatial-temporal accessibility based on potential path area:A case study in Shanghai suburbs

Accessibility is one of the core topics in the study of human geography and related disciplines. Based on the theory of time geography and the human-oriented research paradigm, the measurement methods of spatial-temporal accessibility have attracted the attention of scholars and have become an important approach in quality of life and social equity research. This empirical study measured the individual spatial-temporal accessibility by characterizing daily potential path area and using activity-travel diary data of residents in Shanghai suburbs in 2017. Firstly, road network analysis and secondary development were used to measure individuals' potential path area in weekdays and weekends. Secondly, flexible time, daily potential path area, and density of accessible facilities were taken as indicators to analyze the characteristics of individual spatial-temporal accessibility, and three-dimensional GIS visualization and variance analysis were used to compare the differences in both spatial and temporal dimensions. Finally, the effects of location factors, time factors, and socioeconomic attributes on residents' spatial-temporal accessibility were explored by using multiple regression analysis methods. The results show that significant differences exist in residents' spatial-temporal accessibility, and residents living in outer suburbs face stronger spatial-temporal constraints and greater spatial dilemmas; the location and time factors are the main influencing factors of residents' spatial-temporal accessibility; spatial-temporal accessibility with individuals as the unit of analysis can better reveal the differences between individuals and groups. We also found that spatial-temporal accessibility has advantages in revealing the dynamic characteristics of accessibility in the context of geographic mobility, and the differentiation in temporal and spatial dimensions reflects the need to pay attention to different locations and different groups of people in suburban development and construction. This study is an empirical test of individual spatial-temporal accessibility measures in the suburbs, which is helpful for understanding the relationship between individual daily activity arrangements and spatial-temporal accessibility. The results of the study provide a basis for the optimal spatiotemporal configuration of facilities and the improvement of residents' quality of life in the construction of suburban new towns.