企业网络视角下上海五大新城地位辨析

上海市提出“五大新城”发展战略,新城建设迈入了面向“独立的综合性节点城市”的新阶段。基于2001、2010和2018年全行业企业总部—分支机构数据,论文构建了上海大都市圈内区县尺度的城市网络,利用社会网络分析方法刻画城市网络整体特征及五大新城网络地位的格局演变,并通过空间计量模型对相关影响因素作实证分析。研究发现：① 上海大都市圈的城市网络呈现从以上海中心城区为核心的单极结构向多极结构转变的趋势,强联系仍然主要发生在各级市域内部,市际行政边界对网络联系具有较强的阻碍;② 五大新城仍未呈现“节点城市”的中心性特征但具备了一定的独立性,距离成为“独立的综合性节点城市”仍有一段距离;③ 创新能力对新城入度和中介中心性的影响显著增强,新城在提升中心性的过程中也更加注重环境质量的提升,交通基础设施建设在提升五大新城的中心性中扮演着越来越重要的角色。此外,城市人口规模、政策优惠与公共服务完善程度也对新城中心性有着相对持续稳定的正向影响。论文从企业网络这一视角切入,为将五大新城建设为上海大都市圈内“独立的综合性节点城市”提供政策建议。

Position of five new urban centers in Shanghai from the perspective of corporate networks

Under the background of Shanghai's strategy to step up efforts to develop the five new urban centers in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the construction of new urban centers has entered the stage of building comprehensive node cites (CNCs). Nevertheless, it is not clear whether the five new urban centers are suburban satellite cities or CNCs. Based on the headquarter-branch linkages of whole industrial enterprises in 2001, 2010 and 2018, this study built a directed-weighted urban network at the county scale to depict the change of spatial structure of the urban network in the Shanghai Metropolitan Area (SMA). Then, this study examined the network position of the five new urban centers in SMA by using social network analysis. Furthermore, this study introduced spatial econometric models to uncover the relevant influencing factors. The research findings reveal that: First, the original core-periphery structure, with the Shanghai central city (SCC) as the core, gradually evolved into a flat structure, in which administrative constraint is evident. Second, the five new urban centers have not shown centrality characteristics of node cities but exhibit a certain degree of independence, and there is still a great gap from becoming CNC. Third, the impact of innovation capacity, environmental quality, and transportation infrastructure on the centrality of new urban centers is significantly enhanced. Urban population, policy preference, and public services have a sustained positive impact on the centrality of new urban centers. From the perspective of corporate networks, this study provides policy recommendations for the development of five new urban centers as CNCs in SMA.