地方性知识、主客互动与居民幸福感——对江郎山世界自然遗产地的实证研究

基于地方性知识和主客互动理论，以世界自然遗产地江郎山的当地居民为研究对象，构建了遗产地居民的地方性知识、主客互动及幸福感之间的关系模型，以回答拥有地方性知识能否促进当地居民获得幸福感及如何促进幸福感获取的问题。研究表明，知识越丰富的旅游地居民越容易获得生活、工作、心理与人际等方面的幸福感，强调了地方性知识对遗产地旅游发展的重要性，且证明了主客互动能够在地方性知识与幸福感之间搭建桥梁，发挥中介的作用。文章在理论上探讨了地方性知识在居民幸福感形成中的作用，且从主客互动的视角解释了地方性知识提升居民幸福感的机理；实践上，强调培养地方性知识和提高主客互动质量在提升遗产地居民幸福感中的重要性。

Local Knowledge,Subject-Guest Interaction,and Residents' Happiness: Empirical Study of Jianglang Mountain,a World Natural Heritage Site

The happiness of residents is an important component of the sustainable development of heritage sites. Most previous studies have focused on the happiness of tourists rather than that of residents. The development of tourism at heritage sites and the increase in the number of tourists may either improve residents' happiness by promoting local development or reduce their happiness because of the environmental pressure and large number of tourists. The question arises as to the kind of residents who are more likely to gain happiness from the development of tourism at heritage sites. Based on the theories of local knowledge and flourishing happiness, this study investigated the residents of Jianglang Mountain, a world natural heritage site, and examined a model of residents' local knowledge, subject-guest interaction, and happiness (i.e., work, life, psychological, and interpersonal happiness). The findings answer the research question: whether residents with local knowledge are better able to achieve happiness and how they do so. The results of the study show that at heritage sites, local knowledge has a direct impact on residents' work, life, psychological, and interpersonal happiness. The interaction between the host and guest played a mediating role in these four influence paths. Theoretically, this study emphasizes that interpersonal happiness is a critical component of residents' happiness, which enriches the understanding of happiness theory in the tourism field. Second, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is one of the first to link local knowledge with residents' happiness, as the concept of local knowledge is primarily applied in studies of tourism resource development. The findings indicate that residents with greater local knowledge can obtain the aforementioned four types of happiness more easily. The third theoretical contribution of this study is the role of subject-guest interactions. To improve the happiness of residents at heritage sites through the local knowledge approach, the interaction between the host and the guest is important as it gives residents more opportunities to pursue better work, life, psychological, and interpersonal satisfaction. From this perspective, tourism development is a necessary part of the sustainable development of heritage sites. If the protection of heritage is overemphasized and the rational use of heritage is not highlighted, it could be a double-edged sword. Tourist visitation and the development of the tourism industry activate and empower heritage sites, thereby ensuring the happiness of residents and the sustainable development of heritage. In practice, this study suggests enhancing residents' happiness through education regarding local knowledge and improvement of subject-guest interactions. Practical recommendations are provided at the end of this article.