基于能值法的乌兹别克斯坦食物消费及其特征分析（英文）

食物资源对人类生存至关重要，因此探究食物资源利用及其结构演变规律很有意义，对一些发展中国家尤其如此。本研究的基础数据主要来源于联合国粮食及农业组织和世界银行，采用能值法对乌兹别克斯坦自1992至2019年间的食物消费变化及其特征进行研究分析。主要得到以下两点结论：（1）国家食物消费呈现持续增加态势且具有明显的阶段性特征，主要包括低速反复阶段、快速提升阶段和高水平发展阶段。动物性食物消费变化较植物性食物更加显著；（2）人均食物年消费量变化同国家食物消费有相似的变化趋势。在人均食物年消费中，动物性食物消费占比一般比植物性食物占比高出2倍。当前乌兹别克斯坦居民食物消费主要是谷物和肉类相结合，其中谷物消费以小麦为主，肉类消费中以牛肉为主。此外，水果和蔬菜的消费需求进一步增多。随着人口进一步增加，食物多样性需求将更加强烈。当前，采取可持续性的措施以满足新的食物消费需求并保护资源和环境是非常必要的。

Analysis of Food Consumption and Its Characteristics in Uzbekistan based on the Emergy Method

Food resources play a great role in human livelihood, so it is meaningful to investigate their utilization and structural evolution, especially in developing countries. This study takes data from FAOSTAT and the World Bank, and applies the emergy method to analyze Uzbek food consumption changes and characteristics from 1992 to 2019. Two main results were obtained: (1) National food consumption showed a persistent increase and had a remarkable change in stages, with the first stage of low-level repetition, the second stage of speeding up and the third stage of high development. The increase of animal-based food consumption was more notable than that of plant-based food consumption. (2) Per capita annual food consumption had a tendency of change that was similar to that of national food consumption. The proportion of animal-based food in the total per capita annual food consumption usually remained about 2-fold higher than that of plant-based food consumption. The main food consumption pattern was the combination of crops such as wheat and rice with meat such as beef. The fruit and vegetable consumption also increased. With the growing population, various changes in food demand will inevitably happen, so it is necessary to take sustainable measures in time to satisfy the new demand and to protect resources and the environment.