黄土丘陵沟壑区村域生态系统服务簇的时空分异及其地形梯度分析

探究村域生态系统服务簇对于厘清黄土丘陵沟壑区农业生态系统复杂特征、从多重服务供给角度提高服务的福祉贡献具有重要意义。论文以黄土丘陵沟壑区米脂县为例,基于高斯混合模型识别2009年和2019年村域生态系统服务簇并分析其时空分布,同时,结合地形分布指数探究服务簇在地形梯度上的分布模式。结果如下： ① 各类服务空间分异明显,且服务之间空间分布差异较大;近10 a间各类服务水平均有不同程度提高,其中调节服务有较大改善,而食物供给与文化服务增幅较小;各类服务空间变化格局存在较大差异,这与土地利用的空间演变关系密切。② 利用高斯混合模型识别4类服务簇,包括农业生产簇、农业美学簇、生态保育簇与城镇休闲簇;各类服务簇空间分异明显,且研究期间存在明显数量和空间转移变化;农业美学簇与生态保育簇是当地主导服务簇,且主导性增强,而农业生产簇与城镇休闲簇比重下降。③ 地形起伏度与服务簇的空间关联密切。随起伏度上升,农业生产簇与农业美学簇呈倒U型,生态保育簇优势分布增加,城镇休闲簇优势分布减弱;研究期间农业生产簇与城镇休闲簇向低起伏度的转移趋势明显,而农业美学簇与生态保育簇趋向于向高起伏度转移。

Spatiotemporal differentiation of village ecosystem service bundles in the loess hilly and gully region and terrain gradient analysis

Examining village ecosystem service bundles is of great significance for clarifying the complex characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem in the loess hilly and gully region and improving the ecosystem services contribution to human well-being from the perspective of multiple ecosystem services supply. Taking Mizhi County in the loess hilly and gully region as a study area, this study used the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to identify village ecosystem service bundles and analyze their spatial-temporal differentiation during 2009-2019. The distribution patterns of ecosystem service bundles along the terrain gradient were revealed based on the terrain relief index. The results are as follows: 1) The spatial differentiation of various ecosystem services was obvious, and the spatial distribution of various services was significantly different. The levels of ecosystem services have been improved to different degrees in the past 10 years, among which the regulating services have been improved greatly, while food supply and cultural services have increased slightly. There were large differences in the spatial change patterns of ecosystem services, which were closely related to the spatial change of land use patterns. 2) Four types of ecosystem service bundles were identified using GMM, including agricultural production bundles, agricultural aesthetics bundles, ecological conservation bundles, and urban leisure bundles. The spatial differentiation of ecosystem service bundles was obvious, and there were obvious changes in quantity and spatial transfer during 2009-2019. Agricultural aesthetics bundles and ecological conservation bundles were the dominant local ecosystem service bundles, and their dominance has increased, while the proportion of agricultural production bundles and urban leisure bundles has declined. 3) The spatial relationship between terrain relief and ecosystem service bundles was close. With the increase of terrain relief, agricultural production bundles and agricultural aesthetics bundles assume an inverted U-shaped trend, the dominant distribution of ecological conservation bundles increases, and the distribution of urban leisure bundles decreases. During the study period, agricultural production bundles and urban leisure bundles tended to shift to the areas of low relief, while the agricultural aesthetics bundles and ecological conservation bundles tended to shift to the areas of high relief.