高铁站可达性与城乡居民收入差异空间分异研究

随着中国高速铁路迅速发展,高铁站可达性与城乡居民收入差异的关系逐渐成为学术热点问题。在梳理已有研究基础上,论文首先系统揭示了高铁站可达性影响城乡居民收入差异的理论机制;然后通过构建城乡居民收入差异和高铁站可达性指标,并选取2010—2017年全国地级市数据,基于邻近矩阵构建空间杜宾模型,开展了高铁站可达性对城乡居民收入差异空间分异影响研究。结果表明：① 全国层面,高铁站可达性显著正向影响城乡居民收入差异,并且存在显著的空间溢出效应;② 区域层面,高铁站可达性对中西部地区城乡收入差异具有显著正向影响作用,对东部地区城乡居民收入影响则不明显;③ 时间维度,分2010—2014、2010—2015、2010—2016、2010—2017年几个不同时间段来看,高铁站可达性影响城乡居民收入差异的空间溢出效应总体呈现上升趋势,但2010—2017年的空间溢出效应开始减弱。优化新增高铁站区域布局、统筹城乡交通基础设施建设是实现城乡居民收入差异缩小的重要途径。

Accessibility of high-speed rail stations and spatial disparity of urban-rural income gaps

With the rapid development of China's high-speed railways (HSR), the impact of high-speed rail construction on urban and rural residents' income gaps has gradually become an academic topic. By constructing an HSR station accessibility indicator, this research illustrated the impact of HSR stations on urban and rural residents. Based on the literature review, it revealed the spatial spillover effect of transportation infrastructure on urban and rural residents' income gaps. Using the prefecture-level city data of China from 2010 to 2017, this research adopted the proximity matrix in the spatial Dubin model to analyze the spatial spillover effect of high-speed rail construction on urban and rural residents' income. The empirical results show that: 1) At the national level, the increase of high-speed rail stations is positively related to urban and rural residents' income gap change, and the spillover effect is also significant. 2) At the regional level, the positive relationship between the increase in the number of high-speed rail stations and urban and rural residents' income gap change mainly exists in the central and western regions of China, while this relationship is not apparent in the eastern region. 3) The trend of the spillover effect of high-speed rail stations on urban-rural income disparity increased across the periods 2010-2014, 2010-2015, 2010-2016, 2010-2017, but the increase of spillover effect in 2010-2017 weakened. Since 2016, the number of new high-speed rail stations has decreased compared with previous years. The spillover effect of high-speed rail station accessibility on the income disparity of urban residents has gradually reduced. Therefore, policymakers need to pay more attention to the impact of high-speed rail stations on urban and rural residents' income gaps, especially in prefecture-level cities with a low proportion of the primary industry. Optimizing the layout of new high-speed rail stations and coordinating the distribution of transportation infrastructure between urban and rural areas are important ways to narrow the income gaps between urban and rural residents.