外资和尼泊尔本土能源项目建设状况遥感对比监测研究（英文）

外资在发展中国家水电站建设中发挥着重要作用。外资在水电站建设过程中会遇到哪些新问题，已成为国际投资者关注的重要问题之一。为了解决这一问题，本文比较了尼泊尔上崔树里3A水电站（由中国政府银行全额出资）和拉苏瓦加迪电站（由尼泊尔拉苏瓦区当地政府银行出资）的建设情况。利用道路、建筑物、大坝和车辆等指标，采用目视判读方法，从2012年至2020年的1m分辨率高分遥感影像中提取监测指标，对比监测两座水电站的建设情况。采用两种方法对比监测了两座电站建设对生态环境的影响。首先，在两个电站建设期内（上崔树里3A水电站监测周期为2012年至2020年，拉苏瓦加迪电站监测周期为2014年至2020年），利用30 m Landsat 7/8卫星数据，对比评估了两座电站建设期内的归一化植被指数变化情况。然后，利用1 m分辨率高分遥感影像，采用目视判读方法，对比监测两座电站周边的土地利用变化情况。最后，分析和比较影响这两个电站施工过程、环境影响和社会经济影响的因素。结果表明：（1）尽管地质灾害、新冠疫情、印度政府禁令等诸多因素影响了尼泊尔各项目的建设，中国投资的上崔树里3A水电站与尼泊尔本土投资的拉苏瓦加迪电站...

A Comparison of Local- and Foreign-funded Hydropower Station Construction in Nepal based on Remote Sensing

International investors in large infrastructure projects face numerous risks. To explore this issue, this paper compares the development of two hydropower stations in Rasuwa District, Nepal: Upper Trishuli 3A, which is fully funded by a Chinese government bank, and Rasuwagadhi, which is fully funded by local government banks. The construction of these two plants was compared between 2012 and 2020 using a visual interpretation method to extract data on roads, buildings, dams, and vehicles from 1-m-resolution remote sensing imagery. Two methods were used to compare the environmental impacts of each plant. Landsat 7/8 30-m imagery was used to monitor changes in the normalized difference vegetation index around the Upper Trishuli 3A hydropower station from 2012 to 2020 and around the Rasuwagadhi hydropower station from 2014 to 2020. Then, 1-m-resolution imagery was used to observe land-cover differences in these areas and time periods. The results indicate that: (1) despite various challenges, such as geological disasters, the COVID-19 pandemic, and a blockade by the Indian government, there was no difference in construction progress between the two hydropower stations. (2) The Upper Trishuli 3A Hydropower Station was associated with better environmental protection work, as there were continuous declines in vegetation growth near Rasuwagadhi and increased overall vegetation growth near Upper Trishuli 3A. (3) Energy projects funded by the Belt and Road Initiative have benefited developing countries enormously. Finally, local conditions should be thoroughly investigated during the construction of foreign-funded power stations.