“优质学区房”社区社会-空间异化的发生机理及效应——以南京为例

近年来，教育资源分化导致的居住空间分异不断加深，“学区房”社区尤其是老城区的优质“学区房”社区以其高房价与破旧物质景观、优质教育与低劣居住品质的显著对比，对个人、家庭、社群的价值取向和社会实践方式产生强烈的拉扯与撕裂作用，成为社会-空间矛盾凸显的典型空间之一。文章借用“异化”这一哲学术语，基于对南京的调查，对“优质学区房”社区社会空间特征、机理进行研究。结果显示：1）老旧“优质学区房”社区普遍存在外在空间环境与内在社会价值的强烈反差，社会空间关系发生扭曲进而表现出社会-空间异化的现象和特征；2）“优质学区房”社区社会-空间的异化是在住房市场化改革、学区制、东方文化等因素的叠加影响下，社区社会-空间辩证统一关系受到冲击激发学区房角色不断衍变，最终引致社会-空间分离对立与自我否定的结果；3）社会-空间异化会带来深刻的社会空间影响，不仅将进一步加剧居住空间分异的程度，而且将增加学区房社区的治理复杂性和更新难度。

Mechanism and Effect of Social-Spatial Alienation in High-Quality School-District Community: A Case Study of Nanjing

Educational activities have obvious influence on the development of social space, which has always been an important topic of theoretical and practical research. In China, with urban economic development and social transformation, the differentiation of residential space caused by differentiation of educational resources is becoming more pronounced. School-district communities in many central cities, especially the high-quality school-district communities in old urban areas, with a strong contrast between high housing price and dilapidated material landscape, high-quality education and poor living environment, have a strong pulling and tearing effect on the value orientation and social practice of individuals, families, and communities. This has become one of the most typical spaces of social-spatial contradiction and distortion. This study introduces the concept of "alienation" (a philosophical term) and investigates the social-spatial characteristics and mechanism of high-quality school-district communities, from the theoretical viewpoint of "social-spatial dialectical unity." Taking Nanjing as an example, a survey reveals that a large proportion of the high-quality school-district community is old and dilapidated. Hence, the contrast between their material space and social value is significant, the housing price is at an irrational premium, the educational function surpasses the residential function and becomes the primary function of the community, and residents construct a non-geographical social network and shape an education community neighborhood. The high-quality school-district community in Nanjing exhibits the characteristics of social-spatial alienation, which is common and significant. This study further analyzes the mechanism of alienation, which is logically related to external factors such as housing market reform, school district, and oriental culture. However, in essence, the social-spatial alienation is the result of the impact on the dialectical unity of society and space, displaying the tendency of separation and opposition, which promotes the self-denial and role evolution of the community of "high-quality school-district housing". The social-spatial alienation will lead to many negative effects. It will lay siege to the school district and aggravate the antagonistic effect of society and space. It will trigger the solidification and intergenerational transmission mechanism of social stratification and residential differentiation, leading to the residential re-differentiation. It will encounter such difficulties as the absence of subjects, the misplacement of objectives and the rupture of the mechanism, resulting in the "failure" of school-district community governance. It will highlight the contradictions such as high renewal cost, diversified and complex stakeholders, and resistance to school-district rezoning, and delay the process of renewal of the old city. Based on the philosophical construction of "alienation", the social space characteristics of high-quality school-district community are summarized, which provides a new perspective for the study of urban social space. This study also systematically analyzes and explains the mechanism of social-spatial alienation in high-quality school-district communities, and provides tools for the problems in the transformation and reconstruction of urban social space in China.