被拐儿童记忆地图模式及其影响因素

拐卖儿童犯罪屡禁不止，备受社会和学界关注。地理学视角下的已有研究多注重宏观区域定量分析，缺少基于寻亲成功案例聚焦被拐儿童的微观定性分析，尤其对被拐儿童记忆空间与记忆地图的探究不足。文章基于从“宝贝回家”公益平台提取的典型案例，综合运用文本分析、认知地图分析、案例分析等方法，探索寻亲成功的被拐儿童记忆地图模式及其影响因素。结果表明：1）被拐儿童记忆内容由地方性知识、家庭性知识和个体性知识3部分构成。其中，地方性知识包括儿童家乡的自然物理环境与社会文化环境要素；家庭性知识包括儿童原生家庭成员信息、亲缘关系等要素；个体性知识包括儿童自身体貌特征、失踪时穿着等要素。2）被拐儿童记忆空间形成于其日常活动空间，是地理空间与人文情感的结合；随着儿童年龄增长和时代变迁，儿童记忆空间要素产生变化，形成不同阶段不同时代的独特个体记忆，儿童生活环境的变化易塑造混合复杂的记忆空间。3）被拐儿童记忆地图根据其记忆内容及记忆要素类型分为多要素混合式记忆地图（依托多种感官、多要素定位家乡区域）、空间化布局式记忆地图（即手绘完整地图，具有空间性和尺度性）、单要素主导式记忆地图（即以地标和地名为关键要素）3种模式。4）儿童对其日常活动中频繁接触的场所会留下较为深刻印象，家乡环境中独特形状的道路、水域更易使儿童产生记忆，成为寻亲过程中的重要促进因素；地名、方言、习俗组合与地名、地标组合成为寻亲成功的关键要素组合。

The Memory Map Pattern of Trafficked Children and Its Influencing Elements: Evidence from Successful Cases of Seeking Relatives

Child trafficking has been repeatedly criminalized and has become a timely and important issue of concern to society and academia. Most existing studies focus on macro-analyses and lack a memory-space discussion based on typical trafficking cases. Based on case data extracted from the "Baobeihuijia" public service platform, this study explores the memory space/map pattern and its influencing elements in the process of seeking for relatives of trafficked children. Text analysis, cognitive map analysis, and case studies were used. The results show the following: (1) The memory space of trafficked children is composed of local, family, and individual knowledge. Local knowledge includes the natural physical environment and social and cultural environment factors; family knowledge includes family member information, kinship, and other elements; and individual knowledge includes factors such as self-identification characteristics and the clothing they were wearing. (2) The memory space of trafficked children is formed in their daily activity space, which is the memory of the objective characteristics of their hometown and a combination of geographical space and humanistic emotion. With an increase in children's age and changes over time, the elements of their memory space will change accordingly, enabling them to form unique individual memories in different stages and times. Changes in children's living environments make it easy to shape complex memory spaces. (3) The memory map of trafficked children has three modes: a multifactor mixed memory map, spatial layout memory map, and single-element dominant memory map. The multifactor mixed memory map relies on a variety of sensory cognitions to form complex memory content. The multifactor positioning of the hometown area promotes the success of seeking relatives. The spatial layout memory map is mainly based on a hand-drawn complete map, which is spatial and to scale, and plays a two-way perception function to help native families and volunteers identify information and promote the success of seeking relatives. The single-element dominant memory map uses landmarks and place names as key elements to accurately locate the geographical location of trafficked children's families. However, these elements are not easily remembered, and the process of seeking relatives depends mainly on other elements. (4) Children leave a deep impression of places of frequent contact in their daily activities; uniquely shaped road and surface waters are more likely to form memory and become important promoting factors in the process of seeking relatives; the combination of place names, dialects, customs, and place names and landmarks have become key elements in the success of seeking relatives. This study draws on memory space-related research methods with case studies as the core from an individual perspective, selects trafficked children as research objects, and explores the influence of trafficked children's memory space and memory maps on the search process from the perspective of geographical memory space. This study enriches the research on memory space and is a positive attempt to expand the related literature.