消费升级视角下城市生活服务空间的演变及影响因素研究——以武汉菜市场为例

消费升级时代孕育了生活性服务新业态,改变了生活服务业的城市空间格局。论文以菜市场作为生活服务空间的代表,选取武汉市这一中国城市消费升级样本及城市疫后复苏“风向标”作为典型案例区,结合GIS空间计量和STATA统计分析,探讨菜市场综合体系的形成过程、类型差异和影响因素。研究发现：① 武汉市菜市场经历了传统农贸市场主导—零售新业态扩张—社区尺度回落的历程,形成以大卖场生鲜部、农贸市场、生鲜超市及社区菜场为主的复合型生活服务空间,并在疫后展现出一定韧性;② 武汉市菜市场整体上由双核心向多核心转变,由城市中心向外围延伸,且呈现出农贸市场“团簇状”、生鲜超市“条型”、大卖场“点状”、社区菜场“蝶形”的分类型差异化格局;③ 全业态菜市场布局受社会、经济、区位和发展基础影响显著,传统业态受市场和区位要素影响显著,零售新业态受经济要素和前期菜市场集聚程度的影响显著,且消费升级态势下新建菜市场选址更加偏好购物中心代表的体验式消费场所。研究结果对于丰富现代菜市场体系的类型研究,拓展城市生活服务空间研究的学科视域具有一定理论意义,同时对于优化城市生活服务空间结构以满足居民日益增长的美好生活需要和服务品质追求具有一定现实价值。

Spatiotemporal variation and influencing factors of urban consumer service space in the consumption upgrading era: A case study of Wuhan food markets

Consumption upgrading breeds new business forms of consumer services, which changes the urban spatial pattern of consumer service industry. This study took the food markets as a representative of consumer service space, selected Wuhan City that experiences urban consumption upgrading and post-epidemic recovery as a case area, and integrated GIS spatial analysis and STATA statistical analysis techniques to analyze the formation process, types of markets, and influencing factors of the food market system. The results show that: 1) The food markets in Wuhan City had experienced a development process from the traditional farmers' market to the expansion of new retail formats and then down to the community scale. They had formed a new compound consumer service space with the fresh food products department of hypermarket, farmers' market, fresh food products supermarket, and community vegetable shop, and this system showed a certain resilience after the epidemic. 2) The spatial structure of the food markets changed from dual-cores to multi-cores, and the spatial distribution extended from the city center to the periphery. The spatial layout of different types of food markets presented the differentiated distribution pattern of cluster-shaped (farmers' market), strip-shaped (fresh food products supermarket), punctiform-shaped (hypermarket), and butterfly-shaped (community vegetable shop). 3) The spatial configuration of all forms of food markets was significantly influenced by social, economic, and locational factors and development foundation, traditional food market layout was significantly affected by market and locational factors, and new retail format food market layout was significantly affected by economic factors and early food market agglomeration basis. Under the situation of consumption upgrading, the site selection of new food markets prefers experiential consumption places represented by shopping malls. This study has a certain theoretical significance for enriching the research of modern food market system, expanding the disciplinary perspectives of urban consumer service space research, and has a certain practical value for optimizing the spatial structure of urban consumer service to meet residents' increasing needs for a better life and the pursuit of service quality.