生态屏障的内涵、评价体系、建设实践研究进展

当前,学界对生态屏障概念尚未达成共识,对其科学内涵、基本属性以及识别体系的研究不够深入;由于缺乏理论指导,生态屏障建设的科学性有待提升、生态屏障建设的机制有待完善。为此,论文对生态屏障的内涵、识别体系和建设实践进行了系统梳理,厘清了生态屏障的科学内涵,总结了生态屏障建设的经验与问题,提出了对策建议。研究指出,生态屏障具有地域和功能的双重内涵,表现为特定的空间区位、生态系统结构、生态过程和防护对象,是生态—经济—社会复合系统,具备公共产品属性。在生态屏障建设中,首先需要基于生态屏障的地理区位、主导功能、生态胁迫及不同尺度科学识别生态屏障及其范围;其次,应当尊重生态系统的自然属性和自然规律、推进生态屏障建设跨区域协作;最后,推进生态屏障建设系统治理,统筹生态屏障建设与经济社会发展。

Overview of connotation,evaluation system,and protection practice of ecological shelters

At present, the academic community has not yet to reach a consensus on the definition of the ecological shelters (ES) concept. Due to the lack of theoretical guidance, the scientific application and mechanisms of ES construction is lacking. Therefore, this study systematically clarified the meaning, identification system, and construction practice of ES, summarized the history and challenges of ES construction, and postulated countermeasures and suggestions for improvement. We demonstrated that ES has the dual connotation of region and function, which is manifested as specific spatial location, ecosystem structure, ecological process, and protection object. It is a compound system of ecology, economy, and society and possesses the basic characteristics of attributes related to public goods. In the construction of ES, it is necessary to scientifically identify the ES and its scope according to its geographical location, dominant function, ecological stress, and varying scales. Moreover, the natural attributes and ecosystem function should be respected and cross-regional cooperation should be encouraged. Finally, a systematic management system for ES construction should be established to coordinate its construction with economic and social development.