典型生态脆弱区荒漠化治理技术演化趋势分析（英文）

全球经济发展和日益增强的人类活动给脆弱的生态系统带来了巨大挑战。为避免、减少和扭转荒漠化，帮助改善当地居民生计，加强抗灾能力，近年来，国内外科学家和相关机构研发出了一系列技术体系和技术模式，对生态脆弱区退化生态系统展开了全面的治理和恢复。然而，部分已有研究和实践在很大程度上限制了优良技术的筛选和推广应用及对技术需求的评估，造成了资金和人力的浪费和损失。文章旨在刻画荒漠化治理技术演变规律和发展趋势，识别并评估主要生态技术。数据来源包括国际组织数据库、中国知网、其他文献报告以及机构和专家调查问卷。文章识别了人类防治荒漠化的治理和恢复技术及模式，总结不同自然条件下荒漠化治理技术的三阶段演化规律和趋势，自然灾害、人类活动和社会经济技术发展驱动技术演变。识别并划分了生物、工程、农作和管理4类不同作用原理的荒漠化治理技术及模式。最后从难度、成熟度、有效性、适宜性和推广潜力等5个维度开展技术评价。研究为因地制宜、综合治理、合理开发利用干旱区资源，提高生态技术应用效果以及促进优良技术的输出和引进提供参考。

The Evolution of Desertification Control and Restoration Technology in Typical Ecologically Vulnerable Regions

Global economic development and increasing human activities have brought great challenges to fragile ecosystems. In order to avoid, reduce, and reverse desertification, Chinese and foreign scientists and ecological governance institutions have developed a series of ecological restoration technologies (ERTs) and models in the past few decades. These technologies can improve residents’ livelihoods, strengthen disaster resilience, and launch a comprehensive review of degraded ecosystems in desertification regions. However, some studies and practices have limited the selection and promotion of good technologies and the assessments of these technologies, resulting in the waste and loss of funds and manpower. The objective of this study is to identify desertification control and restoration technologies and models, summarize the evolutionary features and trends of these technologies under different natural conditions, and evaluate the various ERTs that are now available. The data sources of this study include the databases of international organizations, CNKI, related literature and reports, and questionnaires from institutions and experts. First, the three stages of ERTs evolution were summarized, and the key events and social-economic developments were identified as the driving forces of evolution. Then, the four categories of ERTs were identified as biological, engineering, agricultural, and management ERTs. Finally, the key ERTs were evaluated in the five dimensions of the degree of difficulty, the degree of maturity, effectiveness, suitability, and potential for transfer. The management ERTs scores for the degree of difficulty, the degree of maturity, and potential for transfer are higher. This study provides a reference for adapting to local conditions, the comprehensive management, rational development, and utilization of dryland resources, improving the application of ecological technologies, and promoting the export and import of the excellent technologies.