西南地区东部大官山温湿梯度变化特征分析

采用西南地区巫溪大官山同一坡面10个不同海拔高度梯度观测站2019~2020年逐小时温湿观测资料，分析了气温、气温直减率、日较差和相对湿度的梯度变化特征。结果表明：观测期间，气温随海拔升高而降低，海拔2000 m以上区域秋、冬季常出现逆温或同温现象；年平均气温递减率为0.57℃/100 m，最大值出现在3月和9月，分别为0.63℃/100 m和0.62℃/100 m，2月最低为0.49℃/100 m；日较差总体随海拔升高而减小，但在海拔1065~1222 m，出现了日较差随海拔升高而快速下降的突变区；年、春季在海拔1222~2180 m，秋季在海拔1222~2550 m，出现了日较差相对稳定层，其它季节不太明显。在海拔1670 m以下区域，年相对湿度为78.5%，夏季最大（85.3%），秋季次之（82%），冬季再次（74.3%），春季最低（72.3%）；随着海拔升高云雾出现频率增大，年和各季相对湿度均随之增大；海拔1670~1930 m为突变区间，相对湿度迅速增加，在海拔1930~2550 m，年、春、夏、秋季处于云中的时间较多，相对湿度变化不大；冬季由于云层低，海拔较高的区域常处于云的上方，相对湿度随海拔升高反而有所减小。

Analysis of Temperature and Relative Humidity Gradient Variations of Daguan Mountain in the East of Southwest China

Based on the temperature and relative humidity observation data of 10 automatic weather stations at different altitudes on the same slope of Wuxi Daguan Mountain from 2019 to 2020, the vertical variation laws of temperature, temperature lapse rate, diurnal temperature range and relative humidity are analyzed. The results show that during the observation period, the temperature decreased with the increase of altitude but there was inversion or same temperature in autumn and winter above 2000m. The annual average temperature drop rate was 0.57℃/100m, and the maximum appeared in March (0.63℃/100m) and September ( 0.62℃/100m), and the minimum occured in February (0.49℃/100m). The diurnal temperature range decreased with the increase of altitude, but at the height of 1065~1222m, there was a downward mutation area, and the diurnal temperature range decreased rapidly with the increase of altitude. At the height of 1222~2180m in spring and 1222m~2550m in autumn, there was a relatively stable layer of daily range, which was not obvious in other seasons. In the area below the height of 1670m, the annual relative humidity was 78.5%, the highest in summer (85.3%), the second in autumn (82%), the third in winter (74.3%) and the lowest in spring (72.3%). With the increase of altitude and the occurrence frequency of cloud and fog, the annual and seasonal relative humidity increased. The height of 1670~1930m was a sudden change range, and the relative humidity increased rapidly. At the height of 1930~2550m, because of the clouds for more time in spring, summer and autumn, the relative humidity changed little. However, in winter, due to low clouds, the areas were above the clouds, and the relative humidity decreased with the increase of altitude.