校外托餐场所布局选址与影响因素研究——以西安市雁塔区为例

校外托餐场所作为新型教育辅助设施,主要为中小学生提供餐食休息服务,已逐渐成为学生在家和学校之外的第三活动空间,值得从空间视角深入探究。论文以西安市雁塔区为研究区,基于校外托餐场所及相关兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据,综合运用空间分析、数理统计、实地调研方法,解析校外托餐场所的基本功能、布局选址特征及其影响因素。研究发现：① 校外托餐场所主要服务对象为低年级义务教育阶段具有儿童托管需求的家庭,具有育儿辅助和儿童“中转”“寄存”功能,服务类型包括学生托管、餐饮起居、作业辅导等;② 空间上多分布在雁塔区中部与北部,呈“东—西”走向,与城区空间形态和各街道发展状况相契合,主要开设在传统中多层小区、高层公寓式小区与单位家属院内,集中于1~5层的低楼层;③ 区域人口、教育环境、投资成本和空间位置影响其布局选址,其中中小学数量与分布、小区数量与分布、距中心城区距离影响较为显著。最后,结合需求群体,从城区、街道、门店3个尺度,系统梳理了影响因素,并结合“双减”政策对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Location choice and influencing factors of out-of-school hours care places: A case study of Yanta District of Xi'an City

Out-of-school hours care place (OSHCP) is a new type of educational auxiliary facility, mainly provides meals and rest places for primary and secondary school students, has gradually become the third activity space for students outside their homes and schools, and worth further examination from a spatial perspective. Based on the data of OSHCPs and related points of interest (POIs) in Yanta District of Xi'an City, we used spatial analysis, statistical analysis, and field investigation methods to explore the basic functions and location choice and its influencing factors of OSHCPs. The results indicate that: 1) The service demands of OSHCPs are from families with childcare needs in the lower grades of compulsory education for childcare assistance and children's "transfer" and "deposit", and the service types include student care, catering, help with homework, and so on. 2) The distribution of OSHCPs generally showed a trend of extending along the east-west direction, which is consistent with the urban morphology and the development status of residential committees, mainly in the traditional neighborhoods, high-rise housing estates, and work unit housing areas, concentrated in the low floors (1-5 floors). 3) Regional population, educational environment, investment costs, and spatial location influence the layout and location of OSHCPs, with the number and distribution of primary and secondary schools, the number and distribution of residential neighborhoods, and the distance from the central city having significant impacts. Finally, we summarized the influencing factors of location choice from three scales including urban area, residential committee, and care place in combination with the needs of the population, and provide an outlook on future research directions in conjunction with the "double reduction" education policy.