城市道路网络特征对交通事故作用机理的研究进展

机动交通快速发展背景下城市道路交通安全问题日益严峻，道路网络作为影响区域交通流与居民交通出行行为的关键因素，对区域交通事故的数量、类型和空间分布具有重要影响。论文从道路布局形式与几何拓扑特征2个方面归纳总结城市道路网络特征对交通事故的作用机理，并通过梳理道路网络与交通出行行为的关系分析其对交通事故的潜在影响。研究指出，格网型、平行曲线型、回路尽端型等道路网络布局形式以及中心性、连通性等道路网络拓扑指标，对交通事故的类型、频率和严重程度的影响存在差异性和空间尺度效应；合理的交叉口密度、路网密度、街区密度等道路网络几何特征对于提升交通安全水平具有重要作用。未来研究需要进一步运用复杂网络理论刻画道路网络的结构、功能等特征，在控制居住自选择效应的基础上，从交通出行行为视角深入分析复杂道路网络对交通事故的作用机制与非线性影响，同时考虑道路网络特征与建成环境的潜在交互作用。

Progress of research on the mechanism of impact of urban road network characteristics on traffic accidents

With the rapid development of motor traffic, urban traffic safety problems are becoming increasingly serious. As a key factor influencing the characteristics of regional traffic flow and travel behavior, the characteristics of urban road network have an important impact on the frequency, type, and spatial distribution of regional traffic accidents. Based on the theoretical analysis of the relationship between urban built environment and traffic accidents, this article summarized the mechanism of impact of urban road network characteristics on traffic accidents from two aspects: road network patterns and geometric-topological characteristics. The potential mechanism of impact of urban road network characteristics on traffic accidents was analyzed by exploring the relationship between urban road network and travel behavior. Existing studies indicate that there are differences in spatial scale effects on the type, frequency, and severity of traffic accidents caused by road network patterns such as grid-iron, warped parallel, and loops-lollipops, as well as road network topology indicators such as centrality and connectivity. Furthermore, reasonable geometric characteristics of road network such as intersection density, road network density, and block density play an important role in improving traffic safety. Future research needs to further characterize the structure, function, and other characteristics of road network using complex network theory, and to provide in-depth analyses on the driving mechanism and non-linear effects of complex road network characteristics on traffic accidents from the perspective of travel behavior by controlling the effect of residential self-selection. Future research also needs to consider the potential interaction between road network characteristics and the built environment on traffic accidents.