尼泊尔Koshi Tappu野生动物保护区中村落人类与野生动物冲突（英文）

人类与野生动物的冲突一直是尼泊尔许多地区（包括尼泊尔东部）面临的最棘手的问题之一。本研究评估了尼泊尔Sunsari区Koshi Tappu野生动物保护区Paschim Kusaha村的人类与野生动物冲突状况。通过问卷调查和正式/非正式访谈，从不同家庭的47名受访者中收集数据。结果显示，破坏力最大的野生动物为野象、野猪和野水牛，袭击最多的农作物为水稻（63.83%）、玉米（19.15%）和马铃薯（17.02%）。人类与野生动物之间的大部分相遇发生在夜间（黄昏后和黎明前），有记录显示夜间相遇占总相遇次数的78.72%。当地居民受到的主要负面影响包括财产损失、动物骚扰以及野生动物对农田的破坏等。尽管保护区和周边地区的人类死亡率记录令人不安（在过去5年中有22人死亡），但仍有70%的受访者对野生动物保护持积极态度。建议提高对野生动物行为的认识以及保护，设立容易获得补偿的计划和项目，以尽量减少该地区的人类与野生动物的冲突。

Human-Wildlife Conflicts in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve,Sunsari District,Nepal

Human-wildlife conflict has been one of the most trouble-causing issues in many areas of Nepal including Eastern Nepal. This study assessed the human-wildlife conflict status in Paschim Kusaha Village of Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR), Sunsari District, Nepal. Data were collected from 47 respondents of different households through questionnaire surveys and formal and informal interviews. Results revealed that the most destructive wild animals were wild elephants, wild boar, and wild water buffalo and the most raided crops were paddy (63.83 %), maize (19.15%), and potato (17.02%). Most of the encounters between humans and wildlife were recorded at night (after dusk and before dawn) (78.72%). Local people were suffering from damage of physical properties, human harassment or nuisance, and depredation of cropland due to wild animals. A total of 70% of respondents had a positive attitude towards conservation despite disturbing human mortality records (22 deaths in the last five years) from the reserve area and surrounding. Awareness of wildlife behavior together with conservation and easy access to compensation schemes were suggested to minimize conflicts in the area.