中国发展中国家地位的论证——基于190个经济体多维发展水平分类的实证分析

科学判断一个国家在全球体系中的地位是制定外交政策的基础。目前中国的发展中国家地位遭到了西方国家的质疑,国内学者从国别比较等视角出发论证了中国的发展中国家地位,但缺乏从全球尺度分类视角的回应。论文基于多面体法、洛伦兹曲线分类法等方法,从经济、社会、环境、治理等方面构建经济体的多维发展水平分类指标体系和测度模型,将全球190个经济体划分成发达经济体Ⅰ~Ⅲ型、发展中经济体Ⅰ~Ⅴ型和过渡型经济体共9种类型,并探讨了不同类型经济体的发展水平特征、中国在全球经济体分类体系中的地位等问题。研究发现：① 不同类型经济体在经济、社会、环境、治理等分维度发展水平方面具有显著的差异性。② 发达经济体各维度发展水平排名普遍较高,总体呈现“并驾齐驱”特征;过渡型经济体在很多维度的发展指标与发达经济体Ⅲ型接近,多数经济体处于逐渐向发达经济体过渡的发展阶段;发展中经济体在分维度发展水平方面存在显著的结构性差异。③ 中国属于发展中经济体Ⅰ型类别,在全球190个经济体中排在第64位,在139个发展中经济体中排在第13位。④ 中国在全球经济体多维发展水平排序、各维度发展水平差异等方面具备发展中国家的普遍特征。该研究洛伦兹曲线分类法等方法的应用可丰富区域发展分类理论,相关结论可为回击西方国家对中国发展中国家地位的质疑提供借鉴。

Demonstration of China’s status as a developing country: An empirical analysis based on the multi-dimensional development level classification of 190 economies

The scientific evaluation of a country's position in the global system is the basis for formulating foreign policies. At present, China's status as a developing country has been questioned by Western countries. Chinese scholars have demonstrated China's status as a developing country by country comparison, but lacked a response from the perspective of global scale classification. Based on the polyhedron and the Lorentz curve classification methods, this study constructed an indicator system and measurement model for the classification of development level of economies from multiple dimensions including economy, society, environment, and governance, and further divided 190 economies around the world into developed country types I-III, developing country types I-V, and transitional economies, at nine types. Moreover, it discussed the development characteristics of different types of economies and China's status in the global country classification system. The results show that: 1) There are significant differences in the development levels of different types of economies in the dimensions of economy, society, environment, and governance. 2) The development level of developed economies is generally high in all dimensions, showing the characteristics of "keeping abreast" in general; the development indicators of transitional economies in many dimensions are close to that of developed economy type III, and most economies are in a development stage that is gradually transitioning to developed economies; Significant structural differences exist in developing economies in the level of sub-development dimensions. 3) China belongs to the developing country type I, ranked 64th among the 190 economies and 13th among the 139 developing countries. 4) China has the general characteristics of developing countries in terms of the ranking of the multi-dimensional development level among the global economies and the differences in the development level of various dimensions. The application of the Lorenz curve in this study can enrich the theory of regional development classification, and the conclusions can provide a reference for countering Western countries' doubts about China's status as a developing country.