世界邮轮建造业的空间演化与区位分析

审视世界邮轮建造业的发展过程与区位特征既能揭示邮轮工业空间组织特征，又能为后发国家和地区的邮轮建造及关联产业提供借鉴。运用ArcGIS10.2软件空间叠加与重心模型分析世界邮轮建造业的空间演化与集聚地发现：（1）1900年前全球邮轮造船厂数量很少，1900—1950年伴随邮轮旅游诞生和成长，邮轮工业增速较快，直到20世纪60年代形成现代意义的邮轮制造业，其中尤以意大利芬坎蒂尼集团和德国迈尔集团分别雄踞海洋邮轮、内河邮轮与豪华邮轮建造业榜首。（2）世界邮轮建造业总体呈现吨位大型化、环保节能成为技术攻坚方向等显著特征。经济全球化加速造船企业的兼并重组，邮轮造船厂重组行为主要发生在2000年以后。（3）世界邮轮建造业重心经历了如下历程：1860—1960年集聚于美国东海岸，1961—1990年迁移至欧洲地区，1991年后日本与韩国开始尝试邮轮建造及香港积极收购欧洲邮轮造船厂，但未打破世界主要邮轮造船厂与邮轮运营公司集聚地的“空间错位”特征，印证了邮轮建造业垄断趋势加剧。

Study on spatial pattern evolution and location of the world cruise ship construction industry

From macro point of view, spatial and temporal pattern evolution of the world cruise tourism can not only reveal the characteristics of cruise tourism space Organization, but also provide reference for cruise tourism in post-sending countries and regions.Spatial analysis and center of gravity model was used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and location characteristics of the world cruise ship construction industry.The fingdings are as follows: The center of gravity of the world cruise construction has not changed significantly from North America to Europe, and the higher economic density, the elimination of trade barriers to political and economic integration, and the "boundary effect" weakening is the main reason.The cruise brand agglomeration depends on the accumulation of local knowledge history, and the system.Based on the analysis of the histories of world cruise construction and tourism, domestic cruise construction industry should focus on investment and financial risks, industrial chain building, engineering management system construction and cruise construction talent cultivation, etc.The development path of "cooperation with Europe-China-EU co-construction-independent innovation" are relatively secure initiatives.