不同盐度下蓝非鲫鳃泌氯细胞的结构变化

实验研究生活于不同水环境中蓝非鲫［Ｏｒｅｏｃｈｒｏｍｉｓａｕｒｅｕｓ（Ｓｔｅｉｎｄａｃｈｎｅｒ）］鳃泌氯细胞显微和超微结构的变化。泌氯细胞分布于鳃小叶基部，淡水环境中，泌氯细胞胞体较小，无分泌腔，核大，中位；海水环境中，泌氯细胞体积增大，有明显分泌腔，核小，基位；淡水过渡到海水的过程中，粗面内质网减少，核缩小，核内染色质凝聚程度增加；胞质中形成发达的微细小管系统；线粒体大量增多，以分泌腔为中心放射状分布。研究结果表明，微细小管系统由多分支膜质小管组成，是Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃｌ－等离子代谢吸收和运输的主要细胞器；微细小管系统的增多与粗面内质网的减少是同步发生的，膜质小管可能源于内质网，随渗透压改变，二者相互转化；线粒体在渗透压变化过程中提供细胞代谢所需的能量。

Preliminary Study on the Change of Structure of Chloride Cell of Gill of Oreochromis Aureus (Steindachner) under Different Salinities

The changes of the chloride cells of gill of Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) on microscopical and ultramicroscopical levels in different water environments are studied in this paper. The chloride cells are distributed over the base of gill lamella. In fresh water, the chloride cell is smaller, no prominent crypt and the nucleus is large, at central site. In sea water, the chloride cell is enlarged, having the clear prominent crypt and the nucleus is small, at basic site. In the course of transition from fresh water to sea water, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is decreased, the nucleus is contracted and the chromatin in the nucleus is condensed. Meanwhile, the tubular systems are formed and mitochondria are increased enormously and scattered in radiation, central on prominent crypt. The study results show that the tubular system consists of many membranous tubules and is an important cellular organ that absorbs, transports and meabolizes Na , K , Cl -, etc. The increase of tubular system and the decrease of rough endoplasmic reticulum occur simultaneously. The membranous tubules may come from the endoplasmic reticulum and they can change into each other while the osmotic pressure changes. Mitochondria provide essentials for cellular metabolism in the course of osmotic pressure changing.