海岸爬坡沙丘形态对台风响应——以2014年“麦德姆”台风为例

依据2014年第10号强台风“麦德姆”登陆前后的福建平潭岛典型海岸爬坡沙丘高精度测量数据，对比分析了沙丘受台风影响的形态变化，概括了海岸爬坡沙丘形态的台风响应特征。结果表明：海岸爬坡沙丘形态对台风“麦德姆”的响应主要是以高度降低、体积减少为特点，研究样区内爬坡沙丘高度平均降低了0.18m、体积减少了1.95%，以爬坡沙丘前缘迎风坡中部和顶部的高度分别降低最多和最少为特点，爬坡沙丘不同部位的响应程度存在差异，爬坡沙丘形态的台风响应特征主要取决于台风的强劲侵蚀作用和爬坡沙丘的特有形态及植被覆盖分异状况。

Observation of Morphological Responses of a Coastal Climbing Dune to Typhoon

Based on the high-precision surveying data over a typical coastal climbing dune in Pingtan Island before and after the tenth Typhoon Matmo in 2014, the morphological change of a coastal climbing dune in response to the Typhoon Matmo event is analyzed. The typical observation results suggest that the basic feature of the Typhoon Matmo impact on the morphological change of coastal climbing dune is the reduce of volume and height. The mean reduction height over the coastal climbing dune in observation sample area was 0.18 m and the volume of coastal climbing dune in observation sample area meanly reduced by 1.95% after the Typhoon Matmo landing, but the magnitude of morphological change differs between sites over the coastal climbing dune. The highest decrease in height was at the middle site of windward slope in front of coastal climbing dune and the smallest decrease in height was at the top site of windward slope in front of coastal climbing dune. The basic factors resulting in the characteristics of the Typhoon Matmo impact on the morphological change of coastal climbing dune are the strong wind erosion of the Typhoon Matmo, the special shape of coastal climbing dune and the difference in vegetation cover over the coastal climbingon