深埋隧道锚杆支护作用的数值模拟与模型试验研究

以重庆至长沙公路共和隧道为研究对象，研制出环氧-硅橡胶的相似模型材料，在大型真三轴模型试验机上进行了隧道在毛洞和锚杆支护条件下的超载试验，采用应变测量技术对隧道关键部位的应变值和锚杆的应变值进行了测量，据此分析了围岩体在锚杆支护后的应力变化规律和锚杆的轴力变化规律。采用与模型试验相同的边界条件进行了隧道在锚杆支护条件下的数值模拟工作，对围岩体的塑性区、应力场和锚杆轴力随荷载的变化过程进行了研究。结果表明，两种手段反映的围岩体应力变化规律和锚杆轴力随荷载的变化规律是一致的

Numerical simulation and model test study of mechanism of bolt in deep tunnel

According to rock character of a certain soft rock tunnel of Chongqing, the model material is made from epoxy resin, polyamide, silicom rubber, firming agent of silicon rubber, quartz grit, powdery barite and gasoline. The physical model test of the unreinforced tunnel and bolt-reinforced tunnel are made in the true triaxial model test machine. By using strain measure technology, the strains of key parts of the surrounding rock and the bolt are measured; according to these data, the variability of the stress of surrounding rock and the variability of the axial force of the bolt are analyzed. The numerical simulation are made with the same boundary condition as the model test; according to these data, the plastic zone, stress field and the deformation of the surrounding rock are studied; the variation of the axial force of the bolt is studied. We compare the variation of stress of the surrounding rock and the variation of the axial force of the bolt of the model test with the numerical simulation and draw the conclusion that the two processes coincide with each other.