西安市企业社区分布格局与形成机制

研究传统企业社区分布格局,有助于综合认识和科学优化城市内部空间。选择西安市主城区为研究区域,基于POI数据,结合实地调查,采用空间分析方法,探究城市企业社区的分布格局与形成机制。研究发现,莲湖、新城、碑林、雁塔四个区企业社区数量多,莲湖区达238个;桃园路、土门、电子城、张家村、胡家庙、红庙坡、长乐中路、韩森寨、纺织城、枣园等街道的企业社区最为集中,桃园路街道多达70个,企业社区密集的街道基本地处钟楼周围的近中心区。企业社区主要分布于距钟楼2~8 km的明城墙之外、三环路以内,占总量78.59%;同时沿陇海铁路东西延伸,南侧集中于8 km宽度,呈“大分散、小聚集”的带状与团簇状分布,北侧集聚在距铁路2 km范围,向外幂次减少。企业社区的热点街道包括莲湖区的土门、枣园、桃园路,新城区的长乐中路、韩森寨,灞桥区的纺织城和雁塔区的小寨路;冷点主要集中在主城区北部的大片地区以及城市中心区域,以未央区未央湖街道、莲湖区北院门街道,新城区的解放门、西一路、中山门街道尤为突出。核密度分析显示企业社区空间结构亦呈大范围分散、小范围集聚的特征,分布密度高值的街道与热点分析结果有较高一致性。传统企业社区分布格局主要是计划经济下城市社会发展的结果,具时代和地方特色,受政策推动、交通线路、城市格局、规划设计、企业位置、自然条件及城市化、市场化等多种因素综合影响。

Distribution pattern and formation mechanism of enterprise community in Xi'an,China

Urban renewal is the objective need of the new normal of China's urbanization development in the new era. The study on the distribution pattern of traditional enterprise community is helpful for better comprehensive understanding and scientific optimization of urban internal space. In this paper, main city zone of Xi'an, which consists of 6 districts and 54 subdistricts, is chosen as the study area. Further, based on point of interest (POI) and field survey data, distribution pattern and formation mechanism of urban enterprise communities are probed by spatial autocorrelation analysis and nuclear density analysis methods. The results show that firstly, enterprise communities are abundant in Lianhu, Xincheng, Beilin and Yanta districts, and the number is the largest in Lianhu district, where it is as many as 238. At the same time, enterprise communities mainly concentrate in subdistricts of Taoyuanlu, Tumen, Dianzicheng, Zhangjiacun, Hujiamiao, Hongmiaopo, Changlezhonglu, Hansenzhai, Fangzhicheng, Zaoyuan, and so on, and the number of communities in Taoyuanlu subdistrict reaches 70. The subdistricts with dense enterprise communities are mainly located in the near central area around the Bell Tower. Secondly, enterprise communities are mostly distributed between Ming city wall and the third ring road, which is about two to eight kilometers away from the Bell Tower and accounts for 78.59% of the total. At the same time, the community spreads east-west direction along the Longhai Railway. It concentrates in the width of 8 kilometers away from south side of the railroad, and presents the band and cluster distribution of spatial 'large dispersion and small aggregation'. It is distributed in the width of 2 kilometers away from north side of the railroad, and takes on the characteristics of exponential decrease outward. Thirdly, the Moran's I index for the community is 0.27, which indicates that the positive spatial autocorrelation is very significant. That is to say, the subdistricts with more communities tend to cluster in space, and the subdistricts with less community are adjacent. Fourthly, hotspot subdistricts of enterprise communities consist of Tumen, Zaoyuan and Taoyuanlu of Lianhu district, Changlezhonglu and Hansenzhai of Xincheng district, Fangzhicheng of Baqiao district, and Xiaozhai of Yanta district; cold spots chiefly concentrate in the north of main urban area and the central urban area, and Weiyang Lake subdistrict in Weiyang district, Beiyuanmen subdistrict in Lianhu district, and Jiefangmen, Xiyi Road, Zhongshanmen subdistricts in Xincheng district are particularly prominent. In addition, the analysis of kernel density shows that the spatial structure of enterprise community is also characterized by large scale dispersion and small scale agglomeration, and the subdistricts with high distribution density are basically consistent with the results of hotspot analysis. Finally, it should be said that the distribution pattern of traditional enterprise community is the result of historical and social development, and has the characteristics of times and places. It is jointly affected by many factors such as policy making, traffic routes, urban pattern, planning and design, enterprise location, natural conditions, urbanization, and marketization.