越南工业区空间格局及产业发展特征

工业区是越南经济增长的主要阵地,也是中越共建“一带一路”和深度实施产能合作的关键载体。通过收集和整理越南工业区基础数据,采用GIS、SPSS分析技术,运用核密度分析、探索性空间数据分析、相关性分析等分析方法,分析了越南工业区空间分布特征以及产业集聚特征,并探究其形成机制。结果表明：1）越南工业区呈现出显著的空间极化,两翼集聚,中间凹陷的分布格局。2）越南工业区空间分布呈现区域交通导向和社会经济发展导向,历史缘由、自然地形、宏观指引、区域交通设施、社会经济条件是影响越南工业区空间分布的主要原因。3）越南工业区产业呈现南翼以轻工业为主导,北翼以加工型重工业为主导,中部以采掘型、原料加工型重工业为主导的分布特征。4）越南工业化起步晚、水平低,是形成以劳动密集型产业为主导的主要原因;南北分治、政府宏观引导,是造成南翼、北翼、中部产业格局差异的主要原因。

Spatial Pattern and Industrial Development Characteristics of the Industrial Zone in Vietnam

In the new era of globalization, China’s high-level openness and high-quality development led to a new round of industrial upgrading and spatial restructuring in the world under “the Belt and Road” initiative. Vietnam has become a new area of international capacity cooperation and industrial transfer and re-agglomeration. The industrial zone is the principal unit of Vietnam’s economic growth. It is also the key carrier of Sino-Vietnamese joint construction of “the Belt and Road” and deep implementation of productivity cooperation. The research on Vietnam’s industrial zones has attracted the attention of international and domestic scholars and shown rich achievements. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the spatial pattern, industrial differentiation, spatial production, and agglomeration mechanism of Vietnam’s industrial zones. By collecting and collating the basic data on Vietnam’s industrial zones using GIS, SPSS analysis technology, nuclear density analysis, exploratory spatial data analysis, correlation analysis, and other analysis methods, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of Vietnam’s industrial areas and the characteristics of industrial agglomeration types and explores its formation mechanism. The results indicate that: 1) Vietnam’s industrial zone shows a significant spatial polarization distribution, with distribution of wings and depressions. 2) The characteristics of regional transportation orientation and socio-economic development orientation distribution in Vietnam’s industrial zones, historical reasons, natural topography, regional transportation facilities, planning guidance, and socio-economic conditions are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of Vietnam’s industrial zones. 3) The industrial characteristics of Vietnam’s industrial zones show that the south wing is dominated by light industry, the north wing is dominated by processing heavy industry, and the central region is dominated by mining-type and raw material processing heavy industries. 4) The industrialization of Vietnam is late and low, which is the main reason for the formation of labor-intensive industries. The division of the north and south and the macro guidance of the government are the main reasons for the differences in the industrial structure of the south wing, north wing, and central region.