从《地理学报》创刊85年载文审视中国地理学发展特征

在《地理学报》创刊85周年之际,采用Citespace可视化为特征的科学文献计量方法,对1934-2018年《地理学报》4129篇载文的主题、引文和关键词等特征进行可视化分析,系统分析其1934-1949年创办时期、1950-1966年转型时期、1978-1995年成长时期以及1996年以后的创新发展时期4个不同时期出版的学术论文的主题脉络、知识演进、历史热点和机构发展。《地理学报》历年载文所体现的主题脉络持续变化、知识演进的不断前推、历史热点的交换更替以及载文机构的全面发展都充分体现出地理学在过去、现在与未来的自我革新力和蓬勃生命力。研究分析发现,自然地理学、人文地理学、遥感与地理信息系统和生态环境学在《地理学报》发展的不同时期都起到了重要引领作用。虽然4个主要领域的研究热度长盛不衰,但也大致经历了由自然地理向自然地理与人文地理并举,再向人地环境系统的交叉综合。其过程呈现出四大转变,即：① 研究视角的转变：迈向综合、交叉和融合的地理学研究;② 研究内容的转变：从自然要素和人文要素,到人地综合系统耦合的过程、机制和影响;③ 研究范式的转变：迈向理性科学主义和人文主义的融合;④ 研究方法和技术的转变：从田野观测和数字模拟到多源时空监测和耦合模拟。在此基础上,中国地理学者应进一步健全研究理论体系,改进研究范式,不断夯实地理科学的内核,并同时以更加开放的态度,吸收、引进相关学科的知识和方法,增强共识,走融合发展之路。

Development of geographical research in China through the lens of publication in the Acta Geographica Sinica between 1934 and 2018

This paper employs Citespace to process the publication data of the Acta Geographica Sinica between 1934 and 2018. It will examine and summarize the features of the historical development of geographical research in China. A total of 4129 articles published in the journal are analysed in four aspects, including key themes, trends of the themes, historical burst terms and changes of contributing institutions. Four stages of development are considered, which include establishment (1934-1949), transformation (1950-1966), development stage (1978-1995) and comprehensive development stage (1996-present). Findings of this paper are: (1) the historical development and transformation of the journal, which reflects the capability of self-innovation and significant vitality of the Geographical Society of China in the past, present and future; (2) physical geography, human geography, remote sensing and geographical information system, and ecological and environmental studies, which are four main research fields of the Geographical Society of China, with a transforming trend from physical geography, to human geography, and an interdisciplinary research on the human-earth system; (3) Four main research "turns" are identified: ① research perspectives: towards a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and integrated geographical study; ② research content: from the studies of physical elements to the studies of humanistic elements, and to the studies of processes, mechanism and influence within/of the human-earth system; ③ research paradigm: towards a critical and integrated approach involving scientific positivism, scientism and humanism; ④ research method: from on-site observation and digital modelling to an integrated analytical toolkit, based on multi-sources of spatial and temporal information. Future studies are expected to further extend and improve the system of geographical theories, enhancing critical thinking on the research paradigm and incorporating them with cognate subjects, and using an open mind to promote the influence of geographical research in the fields of both natural science and social science.